We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like krispy kreme 2 even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like krispy kreme 2 in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Krispy Kreme Doughnuts, Inc. is a branded specialty retailer of premium quality doughnuts. The doughnut retailer started its operation in 17 when Vernon Rudolph, the company founder, realized the opportunities that existed in the thriving local economy of the developing southeastern city of Winston-Salem. Today, Krispy Kreme has its headquarters in Winston-Salem and sells approximately .5 million doughnuts daily. It has expanded its operations outside the southeast to many metropolitan markets receiving a flurry of excitement from customers with each new store opening. With its stock prices 70 times projected 00 earning per share the company’s executive management realizes the need for strong strategies and high growth potential.
Krispy Kreme has a vertically integrated company structure that supports and profits from high-volume production and sale of high quality doughnuts and coffee products. The company’s business is driven by two complementing business units store operations, both company and franchise, and Krispy Kreme Manufacturing and Distribution (KKM&D). The company’s revenue is derived from the sale of doughnuts produced and distributed by company owned stores and franchise store operations. Krispy Kreme’s unique business model is comprised of the company’s retail stores, which are high automated and produces high-volumes of doughnut products sold through multiple sales channels. KKM&D has developed important operating competencies and capabilities that are used to support the company’s stores by providing strong product knowledge and technical skills, and by maintaining control of all critical production and distribution processes.
When determining a long-term direction or a strategy, it is imperative that the executive management of Krispy Kreme analyze their industry’s dominant economic traits. These traits will help frame the window of strategic approaches Krispy Kreme can pursue. The impact that these traits can exhibit on a chosen strategy could prove to be significant, and therefore, they need to be considered in the infancy of strategic planning.
Krispy Kreme is competing in a $4.7 billion doughnut industry, with Americans consuming 10 billion doughnuts annually (statistics from 18 and 1). The industry is dominated by Dunkin’ Donuts, which has proven to be Krispy Kreme’s main competitor. Dunkin Donuts dominated the industry in 1, possessing nearly 77 percent of the U.S. market and pulling in $.1 billion in total U.S. sales. No other doughnut chain had as much as 10 percent of the market share at this time.
Krispy Kreme’s competitive rivalry is worldwide. Of its chief competitors, Dunkin Donuts and Winchell’s Donut House have chains globally. Dunkin Donuts has 5,00 stores worldwide with ,600 in the U.S, while Winchell’s has just 600 stores located in 10 states west of the Mississippi and in countries such as Guam and New Zealand. Tim Hortons are located in both the U.S. and Canada. There are 1,00 Tim Hortons stores in Canada and only 10 locations in the U.S. LaMar’s Donuts is a small rival with locations only in the U.S. With its purchase by Franchise Consortium International in 17, there are plans in the works to open 500 new stores by late 004.
When looking at the product life cycle of the doughnut for this industry, I believe that the doughnut is in the mature stage of its life cycle. It seems as if its sales have stabilized and that survival will be for those retailers who can differentiate their product and brand image. Price wars and intense competition are present in the industry and the market appears saturated, leading many smaller producers to exit the market due to poor profit margins.
Krispy Kreme customers consist of people of all ages, races, and gender. The increasing domestic and world population provides significant opportunities for the doughnut industry to increase sales. Increasing work opportunities are resulting in continuous shifts in population to different geographical areas, both locally and globally. As the population is showing a growing trend from traditional ways of eating to more non-traditional ways, this gives rise to the growth in different needs and consumption patterns, especially in the populations approach towards fast foods. This could be an encouraging sign for Krispy Kreme.
In the doughnut industry very few organizations have tried to strengthen their competitive position with vertical integration. Krispy Kreme has established sizable cost savings, as well as alleviated the uncertainty of being dependent on suppliers for the crucial components needed to stay in business through backward integration. Their major competitors are all solely in the production and retail of coffee and baked goods.
Many retailers in the doughnut industry have several distribution channels. The larger establishments, such as Krispy Kreme, Dunkin Donuts, and Tim Hortons have distribution centers that supply the stores with essential supplies in core areas of their business. In addition, some retailers use supermarkets, convenience stores and other retailers as channels for distributing their products.
When looking at the barriers to enter into this industry, I believe that there are moderate barriers that exist. Capital requirements to construct a retail operation or franchise territories can range as high as $5 million. Experience and proven organizational capabilities are necessary to compete in this industry.
The globe is becoming smaller and smaller with every passing day thanks to technology. Technology has given many nations better standards of living, better businesses, and most importantly much healthier lives. New and more innovative equipment is available for producing doughnut products. The implementation of the latest technology in all business aspects, e.g. manufacturing, administration, finance, marketing, gives this industry unlimited opportunities to enter new markets and meet the demand of both existing and new customers.
The product characteristics in the doughnut industry are highly homogeneous. The products of different producers are essentially identical, where many buyers perceive little real difference from seller to seller. However, avid consumers of doughnuts tend to be brand loyalist and aware of product differentiations.
Mind that the sample papers like krispy kreme 2 presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Friday, September 7, 2012
Sunday, September 2, 2012
Economic Growth
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like Economic Growth even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like Economic Growth in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
ECONOMIC GROWTH
EXAMINE AND ACCOUNT FOR AUSTRALIA’S PRESENT GROWTH RATE
Australia’s present growth rate is one of the highest in the world; in fact its average annual growth rate is higher than the average growth rate of the world.
Economic growth is when an economy produces more goods and services in a given year than in the previous year. But to find real economic growth (increase in real GDP), the effect of inflation must be taken out of account.
In the June quarter of 00 Australia’s economy grew by a minute 0.1%, the lowest since the December quarter of 000. Over the year the economy grew by %.
As one can see from the above graph, the rate of economic growth has gradually been slowing down after a sharp increase in the year 001.
As you can see on the table to the right (extracted from the RBA’s Statement on Monetary Policy, 10/11/0, page 1), the components of the Australian economy grew very quickly for the year to June quarter of 00, but the decrease in Net Exports resulted in a lower growth of %. The main reasons for why Net Exports fell so sharply are because
• Farm GDP has had negative growth of -.1%. This has resulted in less agricultural exports.
• A weak global economy has resulted in a decline in the purchasing of Australian exports.
• The increase in the Australian dollar has resulted in our exports becoming more expensive and so countries buy less.
So as one can see, the domestic economy grew very strongly but the negative growth in the net exports sector resulted in a much lower growth rate.
Mind that the sample papers like Economic Growth presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
ECONOMIC GROWTH
EXAMINE AND ACCOUNT FOR AUSTRALIA’S PRESENT GROWTH RATE
Australia’s present growth rate is one of the highest in the world; in fact its average annual growth rate is higher than the average growth rate of the world.
Economic growth is when an economy produces more goods and services in a given year than in the previous year. But to find real economic growth (increase in real GDP), the effect of inflation must be taken out of account.
In the June quarter of 00 Australia’s economy grew by a minute 0.1%, the lowest since the December quarter of 000. Over the year the economy grew by %.
As one can see from the above graph, the rate of economic growth has gradually been slowing down after a sharp increase in the year 001.
As you can see on the table to the right (extracted from the RBA’s Statement on Monetary Policy, 10/11/0, page 1), the components of the Australian economy grew very quickly for the year to June quarter of 00, but the decrease in Net Exports resulted in a lower growth of %. The main reasons for why Net Exports fell so sharply are because
• Farm GDP has had negative growth of -.1%. This has resulted in less agricultural exports.
• A weak global economy has resulted in a decline in the purchasing of Australian exports.
• The increase in the Australian dollar has resulted in our exports becoming more expensive and so countries buy less.
So as one can see, the domestic economy grew very strongly but the negative growth in the net exports sector resulted in a much lower growth rate.
Mind that the sample papers like Economic Growth presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Saturday, September 1, 2012
Roman art
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like Roman art even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like Roman art in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Roman Art
The Emperors and Customs of Roman Art
Art is everywhere, even if we do not realize that. The way we dress, where we live, and what we believe are all influenced by our surrounding. Romans were collectors and admirers of Greek art. The art from Greece was brought to Rome, and changed by the Romans. Roman art is divided into four major categories that are; “portrait sculptures, paintings and mosaics, relief sculptures, and statues” (Art and Text in Roman Culture 17). In the two pieces described bellow two of this characteristics are (relief sculpture and statues) used to represent and remember their emperors and Gods.
Sculptures were one form of art in which the Romans used to describe their emperors and Gods. Many statues of people were made into an ideal form, although some represented a persons characteristics or a moment of their life. Roman culture had many successful emperors. The five most famous were Nerva, Hadrian, Trajan, Marcus Aurelius, and Antoninus Pius. Those five emperors gave Rome an era of great stability. Marcus Aurelius was a successful military commander, but not all the emperors were seen as “good emperors”. Unfortunately, he was succeeded as emperor by his son Commodus, who within in only twelve years destroyed the government his
predecessors had so carefully built. Commodus was a man “lacking political skill, administrative competence, and intellectual characteristic” (Commodus, an emperor at the crossroads 16) and were those characteristics that brought the empire of Rome down in such a short period of time. Commodus dedicated himself “to luxury and frivolous pursuits” (Art History Book). The sculpture from the book of “Commodus as Hercules,” is a reflection from his character. The sculptor’s perceptive “model and expert drill work exploit the play of light and shadow on the figure and bring out the textures of the hair, beard, facial features, and drapery” (Art History Book). The sculpture expresses the fantasy of life and movement, but it also captures its subject’s flaw.
The sculpture of “Commodus as Hercules” was made of marble and height 46 1/. This emperor was considered to be insane and he even believed to be the reincarnation of Gods such as Hercules and the incarnation of the God Jupiter. He even got to the point where he ordered the months of the Roman year to be renamed after him and changed the name of Rome to Colonia Commodiana. In the sculpture the emperor is portrayed as Hercules, decorated with references to the hero’s “his club, the skin and head of the Nemean Lion, and the golden apples from the garden of the Hesperides” (Commodus, an emperor at the crossroads 14).
The emperors and Gods were also represented in other ways and change through out the time. During this period of time their funerary practices changed from cremation, to using sarcophagus. Like the Etruscans, the early Romans generally cremated their dead, and they placed the ashes in special cinerary urns or vases. It was around 100 AD that cremation was replaced by inhumation as the standard burial
custom in the Roman Empire (A Roman Life 57). Although they had already existed elsewhere for centuries, marble sarcophagi decorated with bas-relief became a
characteristic Roman art form. Sarcophagi from the western empire, and more specifically from Rome, were carved on three sides, the fourth sides were carved. Most sarcophagi used relief sculptures which were “carved into large pieces of stone, and used to decorate pediments, cella walls of temples, and the interior and exterior of various buildings” (The Roman Empire 115). There are two types of relief sculptures. One is a pictorial frieze, which is “an unbroken representation of one or more mythological or historical events. The other is an image, consists of a self-contained representation of an act, an occurrence, or event relating to the deeds of military figures” (The Roman Empire 1).
Because Rome was heavily influenced by Greek culture, characters and situations from Greek mythology were common subjects on sarcophagi. Portrayed on one sarcophagus is the myth of “the Return of the Body of Meleager to Kalydon” and uses a pictorial frieze kind of relief. This sarcophagus, a coffin carved, was made to hold the body of a wealthy Roman.
According to the myth, the sarcophagus relates a famous story about the death of the young prince, Meleager. At his birth the Fates decreed that Meleager would live only as long as a log in the fire remained intact. After hearing this, his mother Althaea, rescued the log from the fire. Meleager grew up and became a famous hunter. Unfortunately, during one incident he killed his uncle during one argument. When his mother found out about the dead of her brother, she took the log from its
hiding place and threw it into the fire. Meleager began to weaken until finally he died. Althaea grieved for the son that she had given both life and death (Museum of Art).
As we can see both the sarcophagus and the Statues are essentially antiquitys marble objects. They both portrait the life of important people, Gods, and emperors during the Roman period. Both, in the sarcophagus of “the Return of the Body of Meleager to Kalydon” and in the statue of “Commodus as Hercules” the main characters are visualized as strong male figures, with most of their body uncovered.
In conclusion, the Roman Empire was influence by the Greek culture, and became the great empire we know today. By using four major styles that are, portrait sculptures, paintings and mosaics, relief sculptures, and statues, the Romans were able to create their on architecture. When studying the pieces of “the Return of the Body of Meleager to Kalydon” and “Commodus as Hercules” I was able to find some similarities between those two, but most of all the way they relate to each other, and the influence they had on their emperors. Romans were more focused on their emperor during this period of time, and it was by using styles like relief sculptures and statues that they were able to demonstrate that.
Mind that the sample papers like Roman art presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Roman Art
The Emperors and Customs of Roman Art
Art is everywhere, even if we do not realize that. The way we dress, where we live, and what we believe are all influenced by our surrounding. Romans were collectors and admirers of Greek art. The art from Greece was brought to Rome, and changed by the Romans. Roman art is divided into four major categories that are; “portrait sculptures, paintings and mosaics, relief sculptures, and statues” (Art and Text in Roman Culture 17). In the two pieces described bellow two of this characteristics are (relief sculpture and statues) used to represent and remember their emperors and Gods.
Sculptures were one form of art in which the Romans used to describe their emperors and Gods. Many statues of people were made into an ideal form, although some represented a persons characteristics or a moment of their life. Roman culture had many successful emperors. The five most famous were Nerva, Hadrian, Trajan, Marcus Aurelius, and Antoninus Pius. Those five emperors gave Rome an era of great stability. Marcus Aurelius was a successful military commander, but not all the emperors were seen as “good emperors”. Unfortunately, he was succeeded as emperor by his son Commodus, who within in only twelve years destroyed the government his
predecessors had so carefully built. Commodus was a man “lacking political skill, administrative competence, and intellectual characteristic” (Commodus, an emperor at the crossroads 16) and were those characteristics that brought the empire of Rome down in such a short period of time. Commodus dedicated himself “to luxury and frivolous pursuits” (Art History Book). The sculpture from the book of “Commodus as Hercules,” is a reflection from his character. The sculptor’s perceptive “model and expert drill work exploit the play of light and shadow on the figure and bring out the textures of the hair, beard, facial features, and drapery” (Art History Book). The sculpture expresses the fantasy of life and movement, but it also captures its subject’s flaw.
The sculpture of “Commodus as Hercules” was made of marble and height 46 1/. This emperor was considered to be insane and he even believed to be the reincarnation of Gods such as Hercules and the incarnation of the God Jupiter. He even got to the point where he ordered the months of the Roman year to be renamed after him and changed the name of Rome to Colonia Commodiana. In the sculpture the emperor is portrayed as Hercules, decorated with references to the hero’s “his club, the skin and head of the Nemean Lion, and the golden apples from the garden of the Hesperides” (Commodus, an emperor at the crossroads 14).
The emperors and Gods were also represented in other ways and change through out the time. During this period of time their funerary practices changed from cremation, to using sarcophagus. Like the Etruscans, the early Romans generally cremated their dead, and they placed the ashes in special cinerary urns or vases. It was around 100 AD that cremation was replaced by inhumation as the standard burial
custom in the Roman Empire (A Roman Life 57). Although they had already existed elsewhere for centuries, marble sarcophagi decorated with bas-relief became a
characteristic Roman art form. Sarcophagi from the western empire, and more specifically from Rome, were carved on three sides, the fourth sides were carved. Most sarcophagi used relief sculptures which were “carved into large pieces of stone, and used to decorate pediments, cella walls of temples, and the interior and exterior of various buildings” (The Roman Empire 115). There are two types of relief sculptures. One is a pictorial frieze, which is “an unbroken representation of one or more mythological or historical events. The other is an image, consists of a self-contained representation of an act, an occurrence, or event relating to the deeds of military figures” (The Roman Empire 1).
Because Rome was heavily influenced by Greek culture, characters and situations from Greek mythology were common subjects on sarcophagi. Portrayed on one sarcophagus is the myth of “the Return of the Body of Meleager to Kalydon” and uses a pictorial frieze kind of relief. This sarcophagus, a coffin carved, was made to hold the body of a wealthy Roman.
According to the myth, the sarcophagus relates a famous story about the death of the young prince, Meleager. At his birth the Fates decreed that Meleager would live only as long as a log in the fire remained intact. After hearing this, his mother Althaea, rescued the log from the fire. Meleager grew up and became a famous hunter. Unfortunately, during one incident he killed his uncle during one argument. When his mother found out about the dead of her brother, she took the log from its
hiding place and threw it into the fire. Meleager began to weaken until finally he died. Althaea grieved for the son that she had given both life and death (Museum of Art).
As we can see both the sarcophagus and the Statues are essentially antiquitys marble objects. They both portrait the life of important people, Gods, and emperors during the Roman period. Both, in the sarcophagus of “the Return of the Body of Meleager to Kalydon” and in the statue of “Commodus as Hercules” the main characters are visualized as strong male figures, with most of their body uncovered.
In conclusion, the Roman Empire was influence by the Greek culture, and became the great empire we know today. By using four major styles that are, portrait sculptures, paintings and mosaics, relief sculptures, and statues, the Romans were able to create their on architecture. When studying the pieces of “the Return of the Body of Meleager to Kalydon” and “Commodus as Hercules” I was able to find some similarities between those two, but most of all the way they relate to each other, and the influence they had on their emperors. Romans were more focused on their emperor during this period of time, and it was by using styles like relief sculptures and statues that they were able to demonstrate that.
Mind that the sample papers like Roman art presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Sunday, August 26, 2012
essays
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like essays even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like essays in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
China, a developing country in the Asia-pacific region is labeled as the worldfs seventh largest economy in terms of power and influence and the largest in terms of size- 1% of global population. Under Mao Tse Tungfs communist rule, China attempted to modernize both agriculture and industry in the ggreat leap forwardh in the 150fs. However, the policies implemented proved futile and resulted in pervasive famine and poverty. In the latter period of the 160fs Tungfs successor, Deng Xiao Ping instigated a cluster of fundamental policies designated on integrating China with the global economy and to promote its economic growth and development.
Chinafs experience with the World Bank is extensive. Since joining the bank in 180, China has been the largest single source of long-term foreign capital, acquiring $US.5 billion after 1 for reform purposes.
Furthermore, China had loaned minimal amounts from the IMF and repaid immediately.
In 180 an eopen doorf policy was employed to expose China to foreign trade and investment with Special Economic Zones established in the southern coastal provinces. This policy was successful due to the low tax rates, import duty exemption, far less stringent regulations, and the comparative advantage China has in labour productivity. In this period foreign trade generated $US0 billion, which expanded to $US400 billion in 1. TNCfs such as Phillips operate companies and generate $US5 billion-worth of goods in China each year, but nearly two-thirds of that is exported overseas.
In addition, agricultural reforms were implemented to strengthen economic development. This entailed the removal of the commune system, also referred to as de-collectivisation and the introduction of the Household Responsibility System where the household sector had freedom to organise their own production decisions and distribute surpluses in free markets after the establishment of quotas or plans. In f7 agriculture measured 1% of GDP.
These reforms generated positive economic growth rates for China. World Bank studies concluded that China achieved average growth rates of 8.% between 178 and 15. Further, the IMF Economic Outlook 00 states that Chinafs GDP (adjusted for PPP) has reached $4.5trillion, equivalent to 1% of Gross World Product (GWP).
The growth of Chinafs potential export markets increased due to reduced government intervention and international convergence but at the expense of higher unemployment and structural change in domestic industries. Through a series of further decentralizing effects, current Premier, Zhu Rongji attempts to increase industry efficiency and competitiveness. China was admitted into the WTO at the Doha conference in 001 and raised exportfs by almost 50% during the first half of this year by exporting to the other 14 member nations.
Financial sector reforms corroborated the nationfs drive to entice foreign investment. They began in 1 with a price mechanism established and a new taxation system operating amidst the central and local authorities. The Peoplefs Bank of China was assigned the central bank implementing the monetary policy and a dual exchange rate was established. The capital loan and negotiable securities markets were gradually established after 185 and Chinafs average tariff rate was cut from % to 15% in 000. Banking laws were initiated in 15 and lead to network banking, stock exchanges and a more sophisticated capital market to accommodate savings and investments. In the years after 1, the amount of foreign investment absorbed by China has maintained the honor of No. in the world for five consecutive years, after the USA. Chinafs private bank savings surpass $US840 billion, equivalent to its GDP. Since then, China has maintained a managed float currency.
Chinafs quality of life may be measured via various indicators such as the level of educational attainment, life expectancy at birth, GNP per capita and the number of doctors per 100,000 people. Education reforms such as the gnine-year compulsory schooling systemh, which was implemented to enhance primary, secondary and tertiary education, achieved great results with the average adult literacy rate rising to 8.8% in 1. Life expectancy at birth reached an average 6.8 years with GNP pc averaging $US780. This gave China an overall HDI value of 0.706. To add, during 1-5 there were 115 doctors per 100,000 people. The Chinese have an average quality of life in comparison to Australiafs whopping 0..
Chinafs reform strategies created many environmental consequences. The country is affected by soot, smoke, acid rain and polluted air and water, which are the unintended consequences of globalisation. By 000 China has basically controlled environmental pollution and the worsening of the ecological environment by establishing things such as the ,500 environmental-protection departments.
The distribution of income and wealth for China is imbalanced. For instance, rural residents had a per capita net income of ,10 Yuan in 1 compared to urban residents receiving 5,854 Yuan. This has increased the prominence of relative and absolute poverty. Chinafs current urban unemployment rate measures 10-15%. However, China has promoted the combination of overall social planning with individual accounts and set up at unified insurance system for staff and workers of enterprises. In 1 million retired staff was covered by old-age pension.
Globalisation has presented numerous implications for Chinafs economic policy framework. Chinafs path to global integration relied essentially upon decentralisation of decision- making, a greater role market forces (through initiatives such as exchange rates) and X-led growth. From 16-8 the Chinese government loosened monetary policy eight times to increase investment in capital and consumer spending. Furthermore, it implemented fiscal expansion policy and budgeted for a deficit in 1 to fund necessities such as telecommunications, transportation and infrastructure. This budget deficit cost the Chinese government a total of $160billion renminbi in treasury bonds.
So, it is obviously illustrated that China has embraced the notion of globalisation and coincide with the continuously changing demands associated. It is successfully reforming its economy even in the present day today and is envisaging positive outcomes for the future. Through its reforming process it has experienced both the benefits and drawbacks of globalisation. From recent trends, it appears highly likely for China to continue growing at such as miraculous rate, competing close to the U.S and ultimately, embracing the global economy.
Mind that the sample papers like essays presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
China, a developing country in the Asia-pacific region is labeled as the worldfs seventh largest economy in terms of power and influence and the largest in terms of size- 1% of global population. Under Mao Tse Tungfs communist rule, China attempted to modernize both agriculture and industry in the ggreat leap forwardh in the 150fs. However, the policies implemented proved futile and resulted in pervasive famine and poverty. In the latter period of the 160fs Tungfs successor, Deng Xiao Ping instigated a cluster of fundamental policies designated on integrating China with the global economy and to promote its economic growth and development.
Chinafs experience with the World Bank is extensive. Since joining the bank in 180, China has been the largest single source of long-term foreign capital, acquiring $US.5 billion after 1 for reform purposes.
Furthermore, China had loaned minimal amounts from the IMF and repaid immediately.
In 180 an eopen doorf policy was employed to expose China to foreign trade and investment with Special Economic Zones established in the southern coastal provinces. This policy was successful due to the low tax rates, import duty exemption, far less stringent regulations, and the comparative advantage China has in labour productivity. In this period foreign trade generated $US0 billion, which expanded to $US400 billion in 1. TNCfs such as Phillips operate companies and generate $US5 billion-worth of goods in China each year, but nearly two-thirds of that is exported overseas.
In addition, agricultural reforms were implemented to strengthen economic development. This entailed the removal of the commune system, also referred to as de-collectivisation and the introduction of the Household Responsibility System where the household sector had freedom to organise their own production decisions and distribute surpluses in free markets after the establishment of quotas or plans. In f7 agriculture measured 1% of GDP.
These reforms generated positive economic growth rates for China. World Bank studies concluded that China achieved average growth rates of 8.% between 178 and 15. Further, the IMF Economic Outlook 00 states that Chinafs GDP (adjusted for PPP) has reached $4.5trillion, equivalent to 1% of Gross World Product (GWP).
The growth of Chinafs potential export markets increased due to reduced government intervention and international convergence but at the expense of higher unemployment and structural change in domestic industries. Through a series of further decentralizing effects, current Premier, Zhu Rongji attempts to increase industry efficiency and competitiveness. China was admitted into the WTO at the Doha conference in 001 and raised exportfs by almost 50% during the first half of this year by exporting to the other 14 member nations.
Financial sector reforms corroborated the nationfs drive to entice foreign investment. They began in 1 with a price mechanism established and a new taxation system operating amidst the central and local authorities. The Peoplefs Bank of China was assigned the central bank implementing the monetary policy and a dual exchange rate was established. The capital loan and negotiable securities markets were gradually established after 185 and Chinafs average tariff rate was cut from % to 15% in 000. Banking laws were initiated in 15 and lead to network banking, stock exchanges and a more sophisticated capital market to accommodate savings and investments. In the years after 1, the amount of foreign investment absorbed by China has maintained the honor of No. in the world for five consecutive years, after the USA. Chinafs private bank savings surpass $US840 billion, equivalent to its GDP. Since then, China has maintained a managed float currency.
Chinafs quality of life may be measured via various indicators such as the level of educational attainment, life expectancy at birth, GNP per capita and the number of doctors per 100,000 people. Education reforms such as the gnine-year compulsory schooling systemh, which was implemented to enhance primary, secondary and tertiary education, achieved great results with the average adult literacy rate rising to 8.8% in 1. Life expectancy at birth reached an average 6.8 years with GNP pc averaging $US780. This gave China an overall HDI value of 0.706. To add, during 1-5 there were 115 doctors per 100,000 people. The Chinese have an average quality of life in comparison to Australiafs whopping 0..
Chinafs reform strategies created many environmental consequences. The country is affected by soot, smoke, acid rain and polluted air and water, which are the unintended consequences of globalisation. By 000 China has basically controlled environmental pollution and the worsening of the ecological environment by establishing things such as the ,500 environmental-protection departments.
The distribution of income and wealth for China is imbalanced. For instance, rural residents had a per capita net income of ,10 Yuan in 1 compared to urban residents receiving 5,854 Yuan. This has increased the prominence of relative and absolute poverty. Chinafs current urban unemployment rate measures 10-15%. However, China has promoted the combination of overall social planning with individual accounts and set up at unified insurance system for staff and workers of enterprises. In 1 million retired staff was covered by old-age pension.
Globalisation has presented numerous implications for Chinafs economic policy framework. Chinafs path to global integration relied essentially upon decentralisation of decision- making, a greater role market forces (through initiatives such as exchange rates) and X-led growth. From 16-8 the Chinese government loosened monetary policy eight times to increase investment in capital and consumer spending. Furthermore, it implemented fiscal expansion policy and budgeted for a deficit in 1 to fund necessities such as telecommunications, transportation and infrastructure. This budget deficit cost the Chinese government a total of $160billion renminbi in treasury bonds.
So, it is obviously illustrated that China has embraced the notion of globalisation and coincide with the continuously changing demands associated. It is successfully reforming its economy even in the present day today and is envisaging positive outcomes for the future. Through its reforming process it has experienced both the benefits and drawbacks of globalisation. From recent trends, it appears highly likely for China to continue growing at such as miraculous rate, competing close to the U.S and ultimately, embracing the global economy.
Mind that the sample papers like essays presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Friday, August 24, 2012
what is hrm
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like what is hrm even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like what is hrm in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Introduction
Dessler (1) stated that “Human resource management refers to the practices and policies you need to carry out the personnel aspects of your management job…”. Through the last two decades many changes were made. One of the primary keys for organizational success is the management of people at work (Mathis and Jackson 14). Human resource management (HRM) appears to express a special approach to managing that asset.
In the following analysis, a comparison of personnel management with HRM is taking place for the discrimination of the main differences between them. Also, usages and definitions of HRM, as have been stated from some great economists during these last decades, help us to understand the main basis of this term. Finally, two different roles and models of HRM, which are used in different organizations and in a different rate, are placed and analyzed.
1. Personnel Management and HRM
In 180s, some incremental changes, help to the replacement of personnel management from human resource management. Personnel management was facing some problems. According to Storey (15) these problems were unreliability and ambiguity regarded an inarticulate set of duties. As Beaumont (141) stated, “…particularly in the product market area, triggered a number of changes in management and organizational practice that pointed in the human resource management direction”. Gennard and Kelly (17) go further in analyzing these changes, arguing that, an ‘enterprise culture’ was developed while companies sought to improved productivity and quality and also to increase employee commitment, creativity and flexibility.
The main differences between personnel management and Human Resource Management (HRM) are stated below
a. Personnel Management is workforced-centered, while management is resource-centered (Mullins 00). That means that HRM emphasizes on management needs for the employment of human resources, rather than personnel management, which emphasizes at the margins of organizational life, the employees.
b. HRM promote the integration of practices and policies that concern organizational and human resourcing strategies (Leopold 00). On the other hand personnel management contains practices that remain isolated at the periphery.
c. In personnel management there is short-term time of planning, organizational structure is bureaucratic and employee’s evaluation is based on cost-minimization (Beaumont 14). As will be seen, in HRM there is long-term time of planning, proactive strategy, the structure is characterized to be organic and there are policies that boost self-control and minimizes external control.
d. The above applications have a main target in HRM. As Leopold (00 10) stated, “ …the commitment of employees which is gained through inner understanding of the attitudes and behaviors expected, rather than gained through compliance measures of time-keeping, strict supervision and repeated quality checks”.
Nowadays, HRM is at the heart of business decision-making (Cheatle 001). The pivotal role of human resource management is clearly seen through its application in a lot of private and commercial organizations and its use in many aspects of people management. Some statistics concerning organizations’ strategy show that
0% of them said that in the past three years, management of people has become one of their high priorities.
7% said that training is important for the success of a business.
100% of them have a team structure.
(Source Institute of Directors, 18)
. Terminology
Daft (00 406) defines Human Resource Management as “The activities undertaken to attract, develop and maintain an effective workforce within an organization”. These activities include a proper design and application of formal systems in the working environment. The integration of those systems in business structure will create a stable way of resource management strategy for the achievement of organizational and personal goals. Furthermore, the main aspects of this strategy, except the goal accomplishment, are the quality improvement of working life, the high levels of performance and commitment and finally the movement towards the creation of a competitive advantage (Huczynski and Buchanan 001).
. Usages of HRM
According to Watson (1) HRM is variously used
• As a different name for personnel management. Legge (18 and 15) reinforce this with the conclusion that there are very little, but important, differences between the two. It’s like to be ‘old wine in new bottles’. These differences have to do with the expectation of overcoming the weaknesses of personal management. Some examples are given above.
• As a tendency that spreads to more than one managerial activity, that have to do with the relationship between employees and organization.
• As a policy that contains ‘new management’ practices for higher employees’ commitment and more effective division of labor.
As it is clearly seen, the term of ‘human resource management’ belongs to a complex area of explanation. The existence of a big number of different meanings makes it very difficult to distinguish which of these are applied in the real world business.
4. Definitions of HRM
For further explanation of the complex and contested area of HRM, some definitions of HRM are listed below. Firstly, Fobrum et al. (184) define HRM as the management task that supports the HR systems of selection, appraisal, rewards and developments, to keep pace with the strategic objectives of the organization.
Secondly, Guest (187) argues that the main objectives of HRM related with strategic integration, employee commitment, flexibility and quality. Strategic integration has two meanings
- Integration of all employment management policies in the working environment. Huczynski and Buchanan (001) further suggest that some changes in the organizational environment will help this fundamental shift in employment relations.
- Close interrelationship of human resource strategy with overall business strategy.
Some of the main targets of an organization is the necessity to meet the needs of its customers, to enhance its reputation and finally to increase its profits. Loyalty and commitment are two aspects that are directly connected with business’ success. Also, flexibility has to do with the number of key tasks that an employee performs for the completion of his/her goals. Finally, quality involves the conditions in which an employee delivers high-quality goods or services that help the organization to obtain a competitive advantage (Leopold 00).
Thirdly, Storey (1) comments that a range of meanings is defining the term of HRM.
i. A different name for ‘personnel management’.
ii. A strategic practice for the increase of commitment.
iii. A strategic practice for the continuous utilization of labor resources.
These three meanings of HRM are shown in the following diagram. In the latter HRM regarded as holistic and strategy centered term to employment management.
(Source Storey, 1)
Furthermore, Torrington et al. (00) have developed a comprehensive view of how HRM is perceived as a more modern and supposedly imposing name for ‘personnel management’. In such case, there are three objectives, which control the foundation of HR activities
1. Staffing objectives. HRM is responsible for designing the necessary organisation structure for the recruitment of the appropriate staff.
. Performance objectives. This type involves motivation and commitment through training, development and reward system, for the maximization of employees’ performance.
. Administration objectives. The objectives of this type are closely correlated with the other two objectives. Generally is responsible for the smooth running of the organization. An example is the notification of employees about their performance levels and their training records.
5. Strategic and Operational Roles of HR Management
Strategic and operational roles are the major functions of HRM. The strategic roles focus on the ability of the company to be innovative and emphasizes on the human resource planning. According to Mathis and Jackson (14), “These human resources can be a source of competitive strength if they are managed effectively”. Some other typical activities of strategic function are merger or acquisition advising, evolvement of legal issues, trends of the workforce, community economic development and organizational restructuring.
The operational roles are administrative in nature. They include organizational activities for the effective and efficient daily performance of employees. These activities referred to recruitment and selection systems, employees’ orientation, safety reports, review of employees’ complaints and organization of benefits programs (Mathis and Jackson 14). Cheatle (001 ) also downplays the importance of operational human resource management insisting that, “In many organizations a huge turnover of staff, the large numbers they employ or the homogeneous nature of the business means that very often what is needed is a much more regulatory HR function”. On the surface, operational roles differ from the strategic roles in the respect that the former is responsible for making sure that human resources in an organization are functioning well.
6. Models of HRM
The following diagrams show two approaches of HRM
Figure 1 The ‘Hard’ Human Resource Management
Workers primarily
viewed as a cost
to the company
The ‘collective’ view-
concerns of employees Company outlook
subordinate (to managerial and managerial
position) prerogative takes
precedent
Sharp financial Individualistic
focus (e.g. per
employee)
Emphasis on gaining Marginalization/
work efficiencies rejection of industrial
relations
Rejection of ‘difference of
viewpoints’ between managers
and employees these are assumed
to be similar
(Source Cornelius, 1 1)
Huczynski and Buchanan (001 67) define hard human resource management as “A perspective, which emphasized the full utilization of employees in a formal, calculating and dispassionate manner, to be treated in a manner similar to any other resources available to the organization”. The main concern of this model is to be measured in an instrumental way for costs minimisation and outputs maximisation. In other words is financially driven and refer to an individualistic way for decision-making.
Figure The ‘Soft’ Human Resource Management
Workers viewed as ‘Humanist’ edge
‘exploitable assets’ to thinking
More of a Development of
concern with core employees
the employees
views
Emphasis on Employee
employee relations involvement and
commitment encouraged
(Source Cornelius, 1 1)
The soft human resource management give emphasis on the important role of humans in a working environment. More precisely, Leopold (00 1) states that, “It sees human beings as a unique resource available to organizations and one which needs to be led, motivated and communicated with”. ‘Soft’ model based employees in the centre of developmental cycle. In other words identifies the aspect that commitment, skills and creativity can lead to the creation of a competitive advantage.
Criticisms
In the above analysis, a list of aspects and opinions shows the complicate term, of what is called HRM. Some opinions coincide and some others not. Some of them are extremely different and some others have similar points between them. Each organization conceives the term of HRM in a different way than others. For instance, the nature of this function depends on the size, type, culture and tradition of the organization. The correct use and integration of HRM have to do with the grain of the organization. Cheatle (001) gives the examples of British Layland and the Royal Opera House. These two companies used their HR functions for the achievement of organizational change. The results were disastrous because these functions were against the organizational grain. In other cases, when HRM practices maintain a special interrelationship with the core organizational values then the organization will succeed.
References
Beaumont P. B. (14) Human resource management Key concepts and skills London SAGE Publications Ltd.
Cheatle, K. (001) Mastering Human Resource Management, Basingstoke Palgrave
Daft, R., L. (00) Management, 6th ed. London Thomson, South-Western
Dessler, G. (1) Essentials of human resource management, London Prentice Hall
Fobrum, C., Tichy, N. M. and Devanna, M. A. (184) Strategic Human Resource Management, London John Wiley
Gennard, J. and Kelly, J. (March 17) The Unimportance of Labels The diffusion of the Personnel/HRM Function, Industrial Relations Journal, Volume 8, Issue 1, pp.7-4
Guest, D. E. (187) Human Resource Management and industrial Relations, Journal of Management Studies, Volume 4, Issue 5, pp.48-51
Huczynski, A. and Buchanan, D. (001) Organizational Behaviour An introductory text, 4th ed., London Prentice Hall
Institute of Directors (18) Partnerships with people Improving business performance through your people, London Director Publications Ltd.
Legge, K. (18 and 15)
[in] Torrington, D., Hall, L. and Taylor, S. (00) Human Resource Management, 5th ed., Harlow Financial Times/Prentice Hall
Leopold, J. (00) Human Resources in organizations, Harlow Financial Times
Mathis, R., L. and Jackson, J., H. (14) Human Resource Management, 7th ed., Minneapolis/St. Paul West Publishing
Mullins L. J. (00) Management and organizational behavior 6th ed. London
Prentice Hall
Storey, J. (1)
[in] Cornelius, N. (1) Human Resource Management A managerial perspective, London International Thomson Business Press
Storey, J. (15) New perspectives on human resource management London
Routledge
Torrington, D., Hall, L. and Taylor, S. (00) Human Resource Management, 5th ed., Harlow Financial Times/Prentice Hall
Mind that the sample papers like what is hrm presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Introduction
Dessler (1) stated that “Human resource management refers to the practices and policies you need to carry out the personnel aspects of your management job…”. Through the last two decades many changes were made. One of the primary keys for organizational success is the management of people at work (Mathis and Jackson 14). Human resource management (HRM) appears to express a special approach to managing that asset.
In the following analysis, a comparison of personnel management with HRM is taking place for the discrimination of the main differences between them. Also, usages and definitions of HRM, as have been stated from some great economists during these last decades, help us to understand the main basis of this term. Finally, two different roles and models of HRM, which are used in different organizations and in a different rate, are placed and analyzed.
1. Personnel Management and HRM
In 180s, some incremental changes, help to the replacement of personnel management from human resource management. Personnel management was facing some problems. According to Storey (15) these problems were unreliability and ambiguity regarded an inarticulate set of duties. As Beaumont (141) stated, “…particularly in the product market area, triggered a number of changes in management and organizational practice that pointed in the human resource management direction”. Gennard and Kelly (17) go further in analyzing these changes, arguing that, an ‘enterprise culture’ was developed while companies sought to improved productivity and quality and also to increase employee commitment, creativity and flexibility.
The main differences between personnel management and Human Resource Management (HRM) are stated below
a. Personnel Management is workforced-centered, while management is resource-centered (Mullins 00). That means that HRM emphasizes on management needs for the employment of human resources, rather than personnel management, which emphasizes at the margins of organizational life, the employees.
b. HRM promote the integration of practices and policies that concern organizational and human resourcing strategies (Leopold 00). On the other hand personnel management contains practices that remain isolated at the periphery.
c. In personnel management there is short-term time of planning, organizational structure is bureaucratic and employee’s evaluation is based on cost-minimization (Beaumont 14). As will be seen, in HRM there is long-term time of planning, proactive strategy, the structure is characterized to be organic and there are policies that boost self-control and minimizes external control.
d. The above applications have a main target in HRM. As Leopold (00 10) stated, “ …the commitment of employees which is gained through inner understanding of the attitudes and behaviors expected, rather than gained through compliance measures of time-keeping, strict supervision and repeated quality checks”.
Nowadays, HRM is at the heart of business decision-making (Cheatle 001). The pivotal role of human resource management is clearly seen through its application in a lot of private and commercial organizations and its use in many aspects of people management. Some statistics concerning organizations’ strategy show that
0% of them said that in the past three years, management of people has become one of their high priorities.
7% said that training is important for the success of a business.
100% of them have a team structure.
(Source Institute of Directors, 18)
. Terminology
Daft (00 406) defines Human Resource Management as “The activities undertaken to attract, develop and maintain an effective workforce within an organization”. These activities include a proper design and application of formal systems in the working environment. The integration of those systems in business structure will create a stable way of resource management strategy for the achievement of organizational and personal goals. Furthermore, the main aspects of this strategy, except the goal accomplishment, are the quality improvement of working life, the high levels of performance and commitment and finally the movement towards the creation of a competitive advantage (Huczynski and Buchanan 001).
. Usages of HRM
According to Watson (1) HRM is variously used
• As a different name for personnel management. Legge (18 and 15) reinforce this with the conclusion that there are very little, but important, differences between the two. It’s like to be ‘old wine in new bottles’. These differences have to do with the expectation of overcoming the weaknesses of personal management. Some examples are given above.
• As a tendency that spreads to more than one managerial activity, that have to do with the relationship between employees and organization.
• As a policy that contains ‘new management’ practices for higher employees’ commitment and more effective division of labor.
As it is clearly seen, the term of ‘human resource management’ belongs to a complex area of explanation. The existence of a big number of different meanings makes it very difficult to distinguish which of these are applied in the real world business.
4. Definitions of HRM
For further explanation of the complex and contested area of HRM, some definitions of HRM are listed below. Firstly, Fobrum et al. (184) define HRM as the management task that supports the HR systems of selection, appraisal, rewards and developments, to keep pace with the strategic objectives of the organization.
Secondly, Guest (187) argues that the main objectives of HRM related with strategic integration, employee commitment, flexibility and quality. Strategic integration has two meanings
- Integration of all employment management policies in the working environment. Huczynski and Buchanan (001) further suggest that some changes in the organizational environment will help this fundamental shift in employment relations.
- Close interrelationship of human resource strategy with overall business strategy.
Some of the main targets of an organization is the necessity to meet the needs of its customers, to enhance its reputation and finally to increase its profits. Loyalty and commitment are two aspects that are directly connected with business’ success. Also, flexibility has to do with the number of key tasks that an employee performs for the completion of his/her goals. Finally, quality involves the conditions in which an employee delivers high-quality goods or services that help the organization to obtain a competitive advantage (Leopold 00).
Thirdly, Storey (1) comments that a range of meanings is defining the term of HRM.
i. A different name for ‘personnel management’.
ii. A strategic practice for the increase of commitment.
iii. A strategic practice for the continuous utilization of labor resources.
These three meanings of HRM are shown in the following diagram. In the latter HRM regarded as holistic and strategy centered term to employment management.
(Source Storey, 1)
Furthermore, Torrington et al. (00) have developed a comprehensive view of how HRM is perceived as a more modern and supposedly imposing name for ‘personnel management’. In such case, there are three objectives, which control the foundation of HR activities
1. Staffing objectives. HRM is responsible for designing the necessary organisation structure for the recruitment of the appropriate staff.
. Performance objectives. This type involves motivation and commitment through training, development and reward system, for the maximization of employees’ performance.
. Administration objectives. The objectives of this type are closely correlated with the other two objectives. Generally is responsible for the smooth running of the organization. An example is the notification of employees about their performance levels and their training records.
5. Strategic and Operational Roles of HR Management
Strategic and operational roles are the major functions of HRM. The strategic roles focus on the ability of the company to be innovative and emphasizes on the human resource planning. According to Mathis and Jackson (14), “These human resources can be a source of competitive strength if they are managed effectively”. Some other typical activities of strategic function are merger or acquisition advising, evolvement of legal issues, trends of the workforce, community economic development and organizational restructuring.
The operational roles are administrative in nature. They include organizational activities for the effective and efficient daily performance of employees. These activities referred to recruitment and selection systems, employees’ orientation, safety reports, review of employees’ complaints and organization of benefits programs (Mathis and Jackson 14). Cheatle (001 ) also downplays the importance of operational human resource management insisting that, “In many organizations a huge turnover of staff, the large numbers they employ or the homogeneous nature of the business means that very often what is needed is a much more regulatory HR function”. On the surface, operational roles differ from the strategic roles in the respect that the former is responsible for making sure that human resources in an organization are functioning well.
6. Models of HRM
The following diagrams show two approaches of HRM
Figure 1 The ‘Hard’ Human Resource Management
Workers primarily
viewed as a cost
to the company
The ‘collective’ view-
concerns of employees Company outlook
subordinate (to managerial and managerial
position) prerogative takes
precedent
Sharp financial Individualistic
focus (e.g. per
employee)
Emphasis on gaining Marginalization/
work efficiencies rejection of industrial
relations
Rejection of ‘difference of
viewpoints’ between managers
and employees these are assumed
to be similar
(Source Cornelius, 1 1)
Huczynski and Buchanan (001 67) define hard human resource management as “A perspective, which emphasized the full utilization of employees in a formal, calculating and dispassionate manner, to be treated in a manner similar to any other resources available to the organization”. The main concern of this model is to be measured in an instrumental way for costs minimisation and outputs maximisation. In other words is financially driven and refer to an individualistic way for decision-making.
Figure The ‘Soft’ Human Resource Management
Workers viewed as ‘Humanist’ edge
‘exploitable assets’ to thinking
More of a Development of
concern with core employees
the employees
views
Emphasis on Employee
employee relations involvement and
commitment encouraged
(Source Cornelius, 1 1)
The soft human resource management give emphasis on the important role of humans in a working environment. More precisely, Leopold (00 1) states that, “It sees human beings as a unique resource available to organizations and one which needs to be led, motivated and communicated with”. ‘Soft’ model based employees in the centre of developmental cycle. In other words identifies the aspect that commitment, skills and creativity can lead to the creation of a competitive advantage.
Criticisms
In the above analysis, a list of aspects and opinions shows the complicate term, of what is called HRM. Some opinions coincide and some others not. Some of them are extremely different and some others have similar points between them. Each organization conceives the term of HRM in a different way than others. For instance, the nature of this function depends on the size, type, culture and tradition of the organization. The correct use and integration of HRM have to do with the grain of the organization. Cheatle (001) gives the examples of British Layland and the Royal Opera House. These two companies used their HR functions for the achievement of organizational change. The results were disastrous because these functions were against the organizational grain. In other cases, when HRM practices maintain a special interrelationship with the core organizational values then the organization will succeed.
References
Beaumont P. B. (14) Human resource management Key concepts and skills London SAGE Publications Ltd.
Cheatle, K. (001) Mastering Human Resource Management, Basingstoke Palgrave
Daft, R., L. (00) Management, 6th ed. London Thomson, South-Western
Dessler, G. (1) Essentials of human resource management, London Prentice Hall
Fobrum, C., Tichy, N. M. and Devanna, M. A. (184) Strategic Human Resource Management, London John Wiley
Gennard, J. and Kelly, J. (March 17) The Unimportance of Labels The diffusion of the Personnel/HRM Function, Industrial Relations Journal, Volume 8, Issue 1, pp.7-4
Guest, D. E. (187) Human Resource Management and industrial Relations, Journal of Management Studies, Volume 4, Issue 5, pp.48-51
Huczynski, A. and Buchanan, D. (001) Organizational Behaviour An introductory text, 4th ed., London Prentice Hall
Institute of Directors (18) Partnerships with people Improving business performance through your people, London Director Publications Ltd.
Legge, K. (18 and 15)
[in] Torrington, D., Hall, L. and Taylor, S. (00) Human Resource Management, 5th ed., Harlow Financial Times/Prentice Hall
Leopold, J. (00) Human Resources in organizations, Harlow Financial Times
Mathis, R., L. and Jackson, J., H. (14) Human Resource Management, 7th ed., Minneapolis/St. Paul West Publishing
Mullins L. J. (00) Management and organizational behavior 6th ed. London
Prentice Hall
Storey, J. (1)
[in] Cornelius, N. (1) Human Resource Management A managerial perspective, London International Thomson Business Press
Storey, J. (15) New perspectives on human resource management London
Routledge
Torrington, D., Hall, L. and Taylor, S. (00) Human Resource Management, 5th ed., Harlow Financial Times/Prentice Hall
Mind that the sample papers like what is hrm presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Thursday, August 23, 2012
12 angry men
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like 12 angry men even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like 12 angry men in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
1 Angry Men
Having the power to decide whether a man lives or not, is a great responsibility that you cannot just decide on irrelevant material, but put a lot of thought process into the matter at hand.. This responsibility is taken by twelve men in a trial for murder in the movie Twelve Angry Men. These men are assigned to look at facts and hear witnesses to the murder and then decide if the man is guilty or not. If found guilty, they will punish him with the electric chair. Many of these men, called jurors, all of the jurors but one were convinced that the defendant was guilty, but a single man had the power, persuasion and intelligence to change their way of thinking and finally he made them realize that the man was not guilty at all. We can see that everybody in the jury had a very different way of thinking and a different way to interpret the thing said at the trial. For example juror eight thought that the defendant was guilty at first, but he wasn’t ready to charge a man with murder without looking closely into the facts. Juror 4 in the contrary, he just looked into the facts as they were told. Both of these men were very intelligent, but they had a different ways of seeing things and that is why they had a different opinion on the trial.
Juror four was a stockbroker; he was very wealthy and very intelligent. He always knew how to talk and how to make his opinions very clear. “I don’t see any need for arguing like this. I think we ought to be able to behave like gentlemen”. Juror 4 page 186. He thought of himself as a better person than every body else in the room, this is one of the reasons he was so hard to convince. We can see this since the beginning of the play when every body got into the room and started talking to each other. Juror four just sat down and didn’t talk to anybody. Juror even tried to get a conversation with him asking about the paper and he replied in a superior way when he said that he was looking at the stocks. He showed us the way he thinks about himself when he stated his points (his tone of voice showed his superiority). He had his point and thought that it was the most intelligent thought of all and thought that every body was stupid because they didn’t follow his ideas. He never thought that someone would think more than him and get a better perspective of the scene. He also showed us that he felt superior when he never takes his coat of. The room was very hot and every body took their coats off but he didn’t because it’s a way that he feels more professional and more respectful. He was trying to show that he has no discomfort with it because he always wears a suit and he is used to have it at all times. It was like a way to show his pride and even if he was hot, he wasn’t willing to take it of. Unlike juror 8, he looked himself as an equal to every body; he respected every body’s opinion and put in consideration what others had to say. He was always trying to motivate everybody to give their opinions. He talks with respect to everyone and talks in a simple way. Even though he is also a professional and very well educated like juror 4, he takes of his coat which makes him seem like the rest of the jury. At the beginning, unlike juror 4, he talks to everybody about personal things, we see this when he is at the window and he starts talking to juror 11. He is always socializing no matter who the other person is, even in the bathroom, he talks to two men and even tries to make them make sense of why he is doing what he is doing.
Another aspect of juror 4 is that he just kept thinking that the facts were there and that they determined the guiltiness of the defendant. “If we are going to discuss this case let’s discuss the facts” Juror 4 page 186. We are shown this when he starts saying that the boy said he was at the movies but he couldn’t even remember the movies he went to see. He thought the boy was lying because everyone who goes to a movie has to remember what they had seen and that was a fact for him. He didn’t accept that the boy might have been in shock and couldn’t remember. He stays with this idea about facts until the very end. He had to be convinced with facts. We see this when he says that their was a witness who saw the murder and that was everything he needed to know. The facts about the witness actually being able to see were the facts that made him change his mind, but still the had to be facts in order for him to believe them.
Juror 8 was a man of justice; he was not willing to prosecute a man without analyzing the facts deeply. “I’m not trying to change your mind. It’s just that we are talking of somebody’s life here. I mean, we can’t decide in five minutes. Supposing we’re wrong?” Juror 8 page 184. Although he believed the man was guilty at first, he stated that he hadn’t had a fair trial because he didn’t have a good lawyer. “I kept putting myself in the place of the boy. I would have asked for another lawyer, I think.” Juror 8 page1. He analyzes every fact and gets a possibility out of it and that is how he ends proving his innocence. Through out the whole play he shows his way of looking into the facts. For example when he even went to walk around the place and bought a knife that looked just like the murder weapon. He analyzed that anybody could have that knife no just the boy. Also when he analyzes the testimony of the old man. He ends up making a recreation about it to show that there might have been a chance he couldn’t look well enough to see who the murderer was. Also at the end, with the help of juror , he analyzes the woman’s testimony and ends up proving that the woman couldn’t see well because she didn’t have her eye glasses on.
Mind that the sample papers like 12 angry men presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
1 Angry Men
Having the power to decide whether a man lives or not, is a great responsibility that you cannot just decide on irrelevant material, but put a lot of thought process into the matter at hand.. This responsibility is taken by twelve men in a trial for murder in the movie Twelve Angry Men. These men are assigned to look at facts and hear witnesses to the murder and then decide if the man is guilty or not. If found guilty, they will punish him with the electric chair. Many of these men, called jurors, all of the jurors but one were convinced that the defendant was guilty, but a single man had the power, persuasion and intelligence to change their way of thinking and finally he made them realize that the man was not guilty at all. We can see that everybody in the jury had a very different way of thinking and a different way to interpret the thing said at the trial. For example juror eight thought that the defendant was guilty at first, but he wasn’t ready to charge a man with murder without looking closely into the facts. Juror 4 in the contrary, he just looked into the facts as they were told. Both of these men were very intelligent, but they had a different ways of seeing things and that is why they had a different opinion on the trial.
Juror four was a stockbroker; he was very wealthy and very intelligent. He always knew how to talk and how to make his opinions very clear. “I don’t see any need for arguing like this. I think we ought to be able to behave like gentlemen”. Juror 4 page 186. He thought of himself as a better person than every body else in the room, this is one of the reasons he was so hard to convince. We can see this since the beginning of the play when every body got into the room and started talking to each other. Juror four just sat down and didn’t talk to anybody. Juror even tried to get a conversation with him asking about the paper and he replied in a superior way when he said that he was looking at the stocks. He showed us the way he thinks about himself when he stated his points (his tone of voice showed his superiority). He had his point and thought that it was the most intelligent thought of all and thought that every body was stupid because they didn’t follow his ideas. He never thought that someone would think more than him and get a better perspective of the scene. He also showed us that he felt superior when he never takes his coat of. The room was very hot and every body took their coats off but he didn’t because it’s a way that he feels more professional and more respectful. He was trying to show that he has no discomfort with it because he always wears a suit and he is used to have it at all times. It was like a way to show his pride and even if he was hot, he wasn’t willing to take it of. Unlike juror 8, he looked himself as an equal to every body; he respected every body’s opinion and put in consideration what others had to say. He was always trying to motivate everybody to give their opinions. He talks with respect to everyone and talks in a simple way. Even though he is also a professional and very well educated like juror 4, he takes of his coat which makes him seem like the rest of the jury. At the beginning, unlike juror 4, he talks to everybody about personal things, we see this when he is at the window and he starts talking to juror 11. He is always socializing no matter who the other person is, even in the bathroom, he talks to two men and even tries to make them make sense of why he is doing what he is doing.
Another aspect of juror 4 is that he just kept thinking that the facts were there and that they determined the guiltiness of the defendant. “If we are going to discuss this case let’s discuss the facts” Juror 4 page 186. We are shown this when he starts saying that the boy said he was at the movies but he couldn’t even remember the movies he went to see. He thought the boy was lying because everyone who goes to a movie has to remember what they had seen and that was a fact for him. He didn’t accept that the boy might have been in shock and couldn’t remember. He stays with this idea about facts until the very end. He had to be convinced with facts. We see this when he says that their was a witness who saw the murder and that was everything he needed to know. The facts about the witness actually being able to see were the facts that made him change his mind, but still the had to be facts in order for him to believe them.
Juror 8 was a man of justice; he was not willing to prosecute a man without analyzing the facts deeply. “I’m not trying to change your mind. It’s just that we are talking of somebody’s life here. I mean, we can’t decide in five minutes. Supposing we’re wrong?” Juror 8 page 184. Although he believed the man was guilty at first, he stated that he hadn’t had a fair trial because he didn’t have a good lawyer. “I kept putting myself in the place of the boy. I would have asked for another lawyer, I think.” Juror 8 page1. He analyzes every fact and gets a possibility out of it and that is how he ends proving his innocence. Through out the whole play he shows his way of looking into the facts. For example when he even went to walk around the place and bought a knife that looked just like the murder weapon. He analyzed that anybody could have that knife no just the boy. Also when he analyzes the testimony of the old man. He ends up making a recreation about it to show that there might have been a chance he couldn’t look well enough to see who the murderer was. Also at the end, with the help of juror , he analyzes the woman’s testimony and ends up proving that the woman couldn’t see well because she didn’t have her eye glasses on.
Mind that the sample papers like 12 angry men presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Sunday, August 12, 2012
Small Business
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The Importance of Small Business
Entrepreneurs and their small businesses play an important role in the economy of the United States. Some people think of small business as the heart of the free enterprise system. Americans are free to try their hands at running their own business and watch their business dreams come true.
Facts about Entrepreneurs
· Keep economy strong by creating jobs
· Provide products and services
· Small businesses employ well over half of all working Americans
· Has helped the United States have a higher standard of living.
· Identifies and meets consumer needs.
· Creates competition between small business and large corporations.
· Creates a range of products and services.
According to the Internal Revenue Service, small businesses account for 44 percent of all the money collected by the tax agency annually. And according to the United States Small Business Administrations Office of Advocacy, between 10 and 15, small businesses created nearly 77 percent of net new jobs, while from 16 to 17, small businesses created about 76 percent of net new jobs.
Small enterprises also produced 55 percent of innovations, twice as many product innovations as large firms, and obtained more patents per sales dollar than large business.
who says the total number of home-based businesses was estimated as 81,0.
Small firms
· Represent more than .7 percent of all employers.
· Employ more than half of all private sector employees.
· Pay 44.5 percent of total U.S. private payroll.
· Generate 60 to 80 percent of net new jobs annually.
· Create more than 50 percent of nonfarm private gross domestic product (GDP).
· Supplied .8 percent of the total value of federal prime contracts (about $50 billion) in FY 001.
· Produce 1 to 14 times more patents per employee than large patenting firms. These patents are twice as likely as large firm patents to be among the one percent most cited.
· Are employers of percent of high tech workers (such as scientists, engineers, and computer workers).
· Are 5 percent home-based and percent franchises.
· Made up 7 percent of all identified exporters and produced percent of the known export value in FY 001.
Mind that the sample papers like Small Business presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
The Importance of Small Business
Entrepreneurs and their small businesses play an important role in the economy of the United States. Some people think of small business as the heart of the free enterprise system. Americans are free to try their hands at running their own business and watch their business dreams come true.
Facts about Entrepreneurs
· Keep economy strong by creating jobs
· Provide products and services
· Small businesses employ well over half of all working Americans
· Has helped the United States have a higher standard of living.
· Identifies and meets consumer needs.
· Creates competition between small business and large corporations.
· Creates a range of products and services.
According to the Internal Revenue Service, small businesses account for 44 percent of all the money collected by the tax agency annually. And according to the United States Small Business Administrations Office of Advocacy, between 10 and 15, small businesses created nearly 77 percent of net new jobs, while from 16 to 17, small businesses created about 76 percent of net new jobs.
Small enterprises also produced 55 percent of innovations, twice as many product innovations as large firms, and obtained more patents per sales dollar than large business.
who says the total number of home-based businesses was estimated as 81,0.
Small firms
· Represent more than .7 percent of all employers.
· Employ more than half of all private sector employees.
· Pay 44.5 percent of total U.S. private payroll.
· Generate 60 to 80 percent of net new jobs annually.
· Create more than 50 percent of nonfarm private gross domestic product (GDP).
· Supplied .8 percent of the total value of federal prime contracts (about $50 billion) in FY 001.
· Produce 1 to 14 times more patents per employee than large patenting firms. These patents are twice as likely as large firm patents to be among the one percent most cited.
· Are employers of percent of high tech workers (such as scientists, engineers, and computer workers).
· Are 5 percent home-based and percent franchises.
· Made up 7 percent of all identified exporters and produced percent of the known export value in FY 001.
Mind that the sample papers like Small Business presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
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