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The original Phillips curve paper covered business cycles from 1861 to 157. Given that this period predates most of the debate between the monetarists and Keynesians as well as the modern era where central bank policy has GDP stabilization as a goal, it is not entirely surprising that fitting the post-157 data has proven more complicated. In fact, the Phillips curve is one of those cases where belief in an economic idea is so appealing that it survives despite contradictory factual evidence. In some views, when the data does not fit a single Phillips curve, that is simply evidence that the curve has shifted. After looking at the data to the left, you can form your own opinion.
The original Phillips curve paper covered business cycles from 1861 to 157. Given that this period predates most of the debate between the monetarists and Keynesians as well as the modern era where central bank policy has GDP stabilization as a goal, it is not entirely surprising that fitting the post-157 data has proven more complicated. In fact, the Phillips curve is one of those cases where belief in an economic idea is so appealing that it survives despite contradictory factual evidence. In some views, when the data does not fit a single Phillips curve, that is simply evidence that the curve has shifted. After looking at the data to the left, you can form your own opinion.The way your question is worded ¡°Is it possible to have uninflationary employment-generating growth? and if ever, is it a sustainable condition?¡± makes me suspect youve gbeen taught growth causes inflation. That is abolsutely not true.
The short answer yes it is possible and it happens all the time. Growth does not cause inflation. Inflation causes inflationary growth. Increased productivity causes real growth. But since both forms of growth occur simutaneously and are measured as increased demand and higher prices it is difficult for the FED (or anyone else) to distinguish between the two as they happen and sometimes for years to come.
Growth does not cause inflation (in fact growth tends to cure inflation but the wording and mechanism are tricky).
Prices increase for many reasons but not all price increases are inflation. By definition price increases caused by an ¡°excess¡± money supply are inflationary price increases, or as Milton Friedman once put it ¡°all inflation is monetary all the time and everywhere,¡± (that¡¯s an approximate quote).
Inflationary growth Economists measure the economy as the GDP and the GDP is spending. Imagine that you are an engineer and out of every paycheck you put $00 into a money market account (which is where much of the money in checking accounts winds up). Now imagine that an ¡°excess¡± in money market account balances across America causes your bank to lower the interest rate you¡¯re getting. Remember this is a temporary excess and not one that ¡°should¡± have happened. Upset at the lower interest rate you withdraw most of your account and spend the money on a new computer. That increase in demand for computers is repeated all across America driving up the number of computers sold, the number of people working in the computer sales industry and the price of computers. BTW prices are also increasing across a whole spectrum of goods and services in the same fashion and your REAL take-home pay becomes lower as a result. VIOLA ¡°excess¡± money supply caused growth and commensurate price increases inflation.
But since so many people withdrew money from their checking accounts the money supply returned to normal, interest rates are raised again. You regret buying the computer, you certainly don¡¯t buy another one next month, prices drop and unemployment follows. VIOLA a monetary (inflationary) trade cycle. Boom to bust.
Real (non-inflationary) Growth Now imagine that instead, you become a better engineer, or perhaps your company becomes a better company, or taxes are lowered, or perhaps technology improves. Whatever the cause, it is a REAL improvement in your productivity and you get a pay increase. Similar improvements, slowly over time happen throughout the economy. You use your pay increase to buy a computer and so do thousands like you. Now there is new demand for computers, higher prices for computers and more employment in the computer sales
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Tuesday, July 31, 2012
Saturday, July 28, 2012
Fitting In
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As, a child I was overweight, and as a result I was criticized by my fellow pears. However, this wasn’t the kind of criticism that would enable me to go in to a state of an emotional break down. I would laugh, depending on how light the remark would be, or I would show anger through verbal rage if I was embarrassed in front of a group of people, while this person would make the remark. This person could be one of family, friends or even enemies that would engage in these remarks as I was growing up as a child. I also was born bow-legged, which is normal in many births. However, I didn’t notice it until other people noticed it in my elementary days of life. As a result, I would be mocked, and questioned of my walk. The mockery I experience caused me to display anger when mocked, and questioned if I was a ‘normal’ kid, because of the way I walked. Even though my anger has become minimal, and my emotions declined, the experiences I went through as a child has mad me become sensitive to negative criticism. The sensitivity in most situations, whether it’ll be at home, school, or church, is still present inside, when engaged. Depending on the situation, people who are closest to me see this characteristic the most.
According to the Learning perspective, the environment and the experience I went through had an impact on my actions. When I was young, I was never taught to physically or verbally fight back at anyone who put me down. Therefore, when growing up, I took all the criticism in. By letting it all in meant that my emotions and my anger just accumulated until I no longer accepted it. That’s when I entered the state of offense � attacking anyone who tries to enter my territory the wrong way. To break down my experience in steps it would be as follows my personality, coping with others, reaction. According to Dr. Kevin Leman, I fitted under the category of Melancholies. I am a person who wants to do things the right way. I put a lot of emotional energy into getting something done correctly. I have a strong emotional attachment to stability, and my need of getting something done right often translates into a need for space, silence, and sensitivity. I am respectful, sensitive, and interpersonal. To think of all these characteristics, I would have been one of those kids who fitted in � and I did! But as the years progressed in elementary school, the critical marks had a big impact on me. The remarks made me more sensitive, and more bitter to people, and especially self-conscious. In the learning perspective, the psychologists would have assessed me through a variety of conditioning. In a testing I would be put through operant conditioning to see how I respond under different circumstances. I believe I would be put through positive reinforcement. Therefore, I would be put through a reinforcing stimulus, such as a remark would help me to respond to the criticism I had. Therefore, when criticism would happen in the future, I would handle it in a different matter, enabling me to motivate myself, and be more confident about myself.
According to the Sociocultural perspective, social and cultural forces had an affect on my behavior. In the social perspective, my peers, my family who I affiliated with influenced my behavior. Depending on who I associated with at different times, I would receive different remarks. This can account for the social perspective of this theory � my behavior was altered due to the different kind of characteristics by people I affiliated with. I had no problem with people who accepted me for who I was. However, when I started to get negative remarks based on my appearance, it lowered my self esteem; therefore, I developed a degree of sensitive to any critical remark. My family also had an affect on my behavior. My siblings who displayed love - however at times that we argued, remarks about my weight, or appearance would be brought up, out of anger that is. Even though I knew it wasn’t said on purpose, I absorbed it, and those remarks were accumulated and embedded in my mind. My mother and father were encouraging as usual, but at times my father would encourage me to lose weight � bluntly. This also affected me, and made me more sensitive to remarks based on my appearance. According to the social part of this perspective, I went through a lot of dispositional attribution because my actions were influenced by those around me. In a cultural point a view, the way I reacted to criticism is probably due to how I was raised by my parents. If this is the case, then my parents did not motivate me enough to stand up against others, believe in myself when criticized, and most importantly disregard the critical remarks and proceed in life. According to Dr. Kevin Leman, the little boy I use to be, I still am. That is partially true � I still have the sensitivities to remarks, but my characteristics as a whole individual has changed due to maturity.
I really don’t agree with the interpretations that I have just met according to perspectives. They are just theories, they are merely assumptions on my behaviors. I think the reason why my childhood experience went the way it did is because I allowed it to. I control my actions and my reactions to remarks; therefore if I had controlled how I felt, and not allowed it to get to me so often, I would have been a stronger individual then and, today handling situations completely different. I believe that sitting on my past won’t allow me to proceed into the future. Certain characteristics and traits of mine can be controlled, thus, altering how I react to different situations. I believe as time goes on, I will have the ability to overcome sensitivity to remarks due to constant self motivation and open discussions with ones who I am close with.
Mind that the sample papers like Fitting In presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
As, a child I was overweight, and as a result I was criticized by my fellow pears. However, this wasn’t the kind of criticism that would enable me to go in to a state of an emotional break down. I would laugh, depending on how light the remark would be, or I would show anger through verbal rage if I was embarrassed in front of a group of people, while this person would make the remark. This person could be one of family, friends or even enemies that would engage in these remarks as I was growing up as a child. I also was born bow-legged, which is normal in many births. However, I didn’t notice it until other people noticed it in my elementary days of life. As a result, I would be mocked, and questioned of my walk. The mockery I experience caused me to display anger when mocked, and questioned if I was a ‘normal’ kid, because of the way I walked. Even though my anger has become minimal, and my emotions declined, the experiences I went through as a child has mad me become sensitive to negative criticism. The sensitivity in most situations, whether it’ll be at home, school, or church, is still present inside, when engaged. Depending on the situation, people who are closest to me see this characteristic the most.
According to the Learning perspective, the environment and the experience I went through had an impact on my actions. When I was young, I was never taught to physically or verbally fight back at anyone who put me down. Therefore, when growing up, I took all the criticism in. By letting it all in meant that my emotions and my anger just accumulated until I no longer accepted it. That’s when I entered the state of offense � attacking anyone who tries to enter my territory the wrong way. To break down my experience in steps it would be as follows my personality, coping with others, reaction. According to Dr. Kevin Leman, I fitted under the category of Melancholies. I am a person who wants to do things the right way. I put a lot of emotional energy into getting something done correctly. I have a strong emotional attachment to stability, and my need of getting something done right often translates into a need for space, silence, and sensitivity. I am respectful, sensitive, and interpersonal. To think of all these characteristics, I would have been one of those kids who fitted in � and I did! But as the years progressed in elementary school, the critical marks had a big impact on me. The remarks made me more sensitive, and more bitter to people, and especially self-conscious. In the learning perspective, the psychologists would have assessed me through a variety of conditioning. In a testing I would be put through operant conditioning to see how I respond under different circumstances. I believe I would be put through positive reinforcement. Therefore, I would be put through a reinforcing stimulus, such as a remark would help me to respond to the criticism I had. Therefore, when criticism would happen in the future, I would handle it in a different matter, enabling me to motivate myself, and be more confident about myself.
According to the Sociocultural perspective, social and cultural forces had an affect on my behavior. In the social perspective, my peers, my family who I affiliated with influenced my behavior. Depending on who I associated with at different times, I would receive different remarks. This can account for the social perspective of this theory � my behavior was altered due to the different kind of characteristics by people I affiliated with. I had no problem with people who accepted me for who I was. However, when I started to get negative remarks based on my appearance, it lowered my self esteem; therefore, I developed a degree of sensitive to any critical remark. My family also had an affect on my behavior. My siblings who displayed love - however at times that we argued, remarks about my weight, or appearance would be brought up, out of anger that is. Even though I knew it wasn’t said on purpose, I absorbed it, and those remarks were accumulated and embedded in my mind. My mother and father were encouraging as usual, but at times my father would encourage me to lose weight � bluntly. This also affected me, and made me more sensitive to remarks based on my appearance. According to the social part of this perspective, I went through a lot of dispositional attribution because my actions were influenced by those around me. In a cultural point a view, the way I reacted to criticism is probably due to how I was raised by my parents. If this is the case, then my parents did not motivate me enough to stand up against others, believe in myself when criticized, and most importantly disregard the critical remarks and proceed in life. According to Dr. Kevin Leman, the little boy I use to be, I still am. That is partially true � I still have the sensitivities to remarks, but my characteristics as a whole individual has changed due to maturity.
I really don’t agree with the interpretations that I have just met according to perspectives. They are just theories, they are merely assumptions on my behaviors. I think the reason why my childhood experience went the way it did is because I allowed it to. I control my actions and my reactions to remarks; therefore if I had controlled how I felt, and not allowed it to get to me so often, I would have been a stronger individual then and, today handling situations completely different. I believe that sitting on my past won’t allow me to proceed into the future. Certain characteristics and traits of mine can be controlled, thus, altering how I react to different situations. I believe as time goes on, I will have the ability to overcome sensitivity to remarks due to constant self motivation and open discussions with ones who I am close with.
Mind that the sample papers like Fitting In presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Tuesday, July 24, 2012
ESSAY ON CLOSE TO THE BONE BY ROBERTA SEID
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like ESSAY ON CLOSE TO THE BONE BY ROBERTA SEID even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like ESSAY ON CLOSE TO THE BONE BY ROBERTA SEID in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
In her article Too ‘Close to the Bone’ The Historical Context for Women’s Obsession with Slenderness, Roberta Seid, a lecturer at the University of Southern California, examines what she calls the historical context, as well as the negative effects, of society’s ideal of slenderness. Seid main point in the article is that the current ideal body size of society is much too thin to be healthy. While Seid does have a well founded belief, her use of logical fallacies and a few extreme views may
In her article Too ‘Close to the Bone’ The Historical Context for Women’s Obsession with Slenderness, Roberta Seid, a lecturer at the University of Southern California, examines what she calls the historical context, as well as the negative effects, of society’s ideal of slenderness. Seid main point in the article is that the current ideal body size of society is much too thin to be healthy. While Seid does have a well founded belief, her use of logical fallacies and a few extreme views may
Views of sales leadership Leader member exchange sales manager interact with individual sales people rather than processing one style or set of behaviors to be use in standardize situations. One study found that the higher the quality of exchange relationship between sales person and sales manager, the greater the sales person’s goal commitment and ultimately performance. TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP they provide intellectual simulation, often by showing the employees new ways of thinking or completing tasks. Another aspect of of transformational leadership is individualized consideration, through which employees are given personalize attention, it can also influence sales people to perform avobe and beyond the call duty. BEHAVIORAL SALES MANAGEMENT involves self imposed planning, behavior, evaluation, rewards, and punishment. The advantages are many people works without constant supervision, so self-control and self dicipline are important for success. Second, individuals usually work more enthusiastically when they have had significant input into planning and prioritizing their work
Mind that the sample papers like ESSAY ON CLOSE TO THE BONE BY ROBERTA SEID presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
In her article Too ‘Close to the Bone’ The Historical Context for Women’s Obsession with Slenderness, Roberta Seid, a lecturer at the University of Southern California, examines what she calls the historical context, as well as the negative effects, of society’s ideal of slenderness. Seid main point in the article is that the current ideal body size of society is much too thin to be healthy. While Seid does have a well founded belief, her use of logical fallacies and a few extreme views may
In her article Too ‘Close to the Bone’ The Historical Context for Women’s Obsession with Slenderness, Roberta Seid, a lecturer at the University of Southern California, examines what she calls the historical context, as well as the negative effects, of society’s ideal of slenderness. Seid main point in the article is that the current ideal body size of society is much too thin to be healthy. While Seid does have a well founded belief, her use of logical fallacies and a few extreme views may
Views of sales leadership Leader member exchange sales manager interact with individual sales people rather than processing one style or set of behaviors to be use in standardize situations. One study found that the higher the quality of exchange relationship between sales person and sales manager, the greater the sales person’s goal commitment and ultimately performance. TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP they provide intellectual simulation, often by showing the employees new ways of thinking or completing tasks. Another aspect of of transformational leadership is individualized consideration, through which employees are given personalize attention, it can also influence sales people to perform avobe and beyond the call duty. BEHAVIORAL SALES MANAGEMENT involves self imposed planning, behavior, evaluation, rewards, and punishment. The advantages are many people works without constant supervision, so self-control and self dicipline are important for success. Second, individuals usually work more enthusiastically when they have had significant input into planning and prioritizing their work
Mind that the sample papers like ESSAY ON CLOSE TO THE BONE BY ROBERTA SEID presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Monday, July 23, 2012
df
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like df even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like df in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
B. There are two sides to genetic engineering in medicine. On the plus side, genetic engineering helps to cure diseases like cancer by replacing defective genes with healthy, appropriate ones. Secondly, we can clone organs for people who need them. Third, we can use genetic engineering to produce drugs that prevent tumors by depriving them of the blood vessels they need to grow. Fourth, we can prevent rheumatoid arthritis with bone marrow transplants. Finally, we can increase milk production by giving the cows genetically engineered drugs. On the negative side, gene therapy that was in its early research stages, has caused death. Secondly, patients that are in relatively good health could suffer permanent damage. Thirdly, because genetic engineering is still new, occasional unexpected side effects, including death, occur. For example, when looking to remove the ACC enzyme from mice, allowed the mice to lose weight while eating more. However, several of the mice that lacked the related ACC1 died as embryos. B. There are two sides to genetic engineering in medicine. On the plus side, genetic engineering helps to cure diseases like cancer by replacing defective genes with healthy, appropriate ones. Secondly, we can clone organs for people who need them. Third, we can use genetic engineering to produce drugs that prevent tumors by depriving them of the blood vessels they need to grow. Fourth, we can prevent rheumatoid arthritis with bone marrow transplants. Finally, we can increase milk production by giving the cows genetically engineered drugs. On the negative side, gene therapy that was in its early research stages, has caused death. Secondly, patients that are in relatively good health could suffer permanent damage. Thirdly, because genetic engineering is still new, occasional unexpected side effects, including death, occur. For example, when looking to remove the ACC enzyme from mice, allowed the mice to lose weight while eating more. However, several of the mice that lacked the related ACC1 died as embryos. B. There are two sides to genetic engineering in medicine. On the plus side, genetic engineering helps to cure diseases like cancer by replacing defective genes with healthy, appropriate ones. Secondly, we can clone organs for people who need them. Third, we can use genetic engineering to produce drugs that prevent tumors by depriving them of the blood vessels they need to grow. Fourth, we can prevent rheumatoid arthritis with bone marrow transplants. Finally, we can increase milk production by giving the cows genetically engineered drugs. On the negative side, gene therapy that was in its early research stages, has caused death. Secondly, patients that are in relatively good health could suffer permanent damage. Thirdly, because genetic engineering is still new, occasional unexpected side effects, including death, occur. For example, when looking to remove the ACC enzyme from mice, allowed the mice to lose weight while eating more. However, several of the mice that lacked the related ACC1 died as embryos.
Mind that the sample papers like df presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
B. There are two sides to genetic engineering in medicine. On the plus side, genetic engineering helps to cure diseases like cancer by replacing defective genes with healthy, appropriate ones. Secondly, we can clone organs for people who need them. Third, we can use genetic engineering to produce drugs that prevent tumors by depriving them of the blood vessels they need to grow. Fourth, we can prevent rheumatoid arthritis with bone marrow transplants. Finally, we can increase milk production by giving the cows genetically engineered drugs. On the negative side, gene therapy that was in its early research stages, has caused death. Secondly, patients that are in relatively good health could suffer permanent damage. Thirdly, because genetic engineering is still new, occasional unexpected side effects, including death, occur. For example, when looking to remove the ACC enzyme from mice, allowed the mice to lose weight while eating more. However, several of the mice that lacked the related ACC1 died as embryos. B. There are two sides to genetic engineering in medicine. On the plus side, genetic engineering helps to cure diseases like cancer by replacing defective genes with healthy, appropriate ones. Secondly, we can clone organs for people who need them. Third, we can use genetic engineering to produce drugs that prevent tumors by depriving them of the blood vessels they need to grow. Fourth, we can prevent rheumatoid arthritis with bone marrow transplants. Finally, we can increase milk production by giving the cows genetically engineered drugs. On the negative side, gene therapy that was in its early research stages, has caused death. Secondly, patients that are in relatively good health could suffer permanent damage. Thirdly, because genetic engineering is still new, occasional unexpected side effects, including death, occur. For example, when looking to remove the ACC enzyme from mice, allowed the mice to lose weight while eating more. However, several of the mice that lacked the related ACC1 died as embryos. B. There are two sides to genetic engineering in medicine. On the plus side, genetic engineering helps to cure diseases like cancer by replacing defective genes with healthy, appropriate ones. Secondly, we can clone organs for people who need them. Third, we can use genetic engineering to produce drugs that prevent tumors by depriving them of the blood vessels they need to grow. Fourth, we can prevent rheumatoid arthritis with bone marrow transplants. Finally, we can increase milk production by giving the cows genetically engineered drugs. On the negative side, gene therapy that was in its early research stages, has caused death. Secondly, patients that are in relatively good health could suffer permanent damage. Thirdly, because genetic engineering is still new, occasional unexpected side effects, including death, occur. For example, when looking to remove the ACC enzyme from mice, allowed the mice to lose weight while eating more. However, several of the mice that lacked the related ACC1 died as embryos.
Mind that the sample papers like df presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Saturday, July 21, 2012
Characterisation of Animal Farm - Final Foilo Peice
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like Characterisation of Animal Farm - Final Foilo Peice even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like Characterisation of Animal Farm - Final Foilo Peice in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
The book “Animal Farm” is a very famous political allegory written by George Orwell and first published in 145. The characters, setting and plot of Animal Farm are an allegory of the Russian revolution of 117 and the subsequent years of Stalins’ totalitarian regime. In this short novel, the author tells a story where animals are used to characterize human behaviour.
In this essay, I will discuss and explain the role of two chosen characters and also compare their behaviour with the human types they represent.
The book is about the animals of “Manor Farm”, later called Animal Farm, who want their freedom. They rebel against Jones (the owner of the farm) and throw him out. At first Jones tries to get his farm back, but he soon gives up. The animals are so happy, to start with. Then the animals want to adopt a leader. There are only two animals (both pigs) that really want to be leader and they are Snowball and Napoleon. At first they try to work together co-operatively but this does not work. Just one of the animals must be chosen as leader. Snowball was the favourite among the animals to adopt the role of leader partly because of his honesty and kindness. Napoleon frequently lies and cheats and wants to control the other animals. He chases Snowball away with the help of his hand-reared dogs. He then tells the animals that Snowball was a spy and a traitor. All the animals believe his story, but it is not true.
The animals begin their new lives in “Animal Farm” with their new leader Napoleon. At first everyone is happy, but Napoleon is a bad leader and things go downhill for the animals. Napoleon gradually changes the rules so they only benefit him. The animal’s quality of life rapidly deteriorates until it is no better (if not worse) than it was in the days when Jones ruled the farm.
The main characters in this novel are Snowball, who is Napoleon’s enemy and the good pig, Napoleon, who is appointed leader, Squealer, who is Napoleons helper and messenger and Boxer, who is a hardworking and loyal carthorse. Other characters include Clover, who is Boxers lady friend, Benjamin, who is an old and wise donkey and Mollie, who is a very fashion conscious mare.
The two characters I have chosen to write about are Napoleon, the leader and Boxer the carthorse.
Boxer is an extremely loyal character. His loyalty is shown throughout the whole story. When Boxer accepts Napoleon as the leader, he is prepared to follow him without questioning. This is illustrated in one of the mottoes he adopts, which is,
“Napoleon is always right”
Boxers’ deep loyalty and gullibility easily allows him to be deceived. For example, Squealer, instructed by Napoleon, got Boxer to believe that Snowball was Jones’ “secret agent” all along. This is all a bunch of lies but Boxer easily believes them. Whilst loyalty is an admirable quality, the way Boxer blindly follows his leader ends up being quite destructive.
Boxer is by no means the smartest of animals, in-fact he is quite dumb. He only properly knows four letters of the alphabet A, B, C and D.
“Boxer could not get beyond the letter D. He would trace out A, B, C, D in the dust with his great hoof… On several occasions, indeed, he did learn E, F, G, H but by the time he knew them he had forgotten A, B, C, D”
Boxer is dumb but decent and devoted to trying his best. Boxer isn’t the dumbest animal on the farm, if you compare him to the sheep he’s quite smart.
The fact that Boxer is loyal but not very bright proves to be a dangerous combination. It is easy for Napoleon to take advantage of him.
Boxer is very hardworking; his answer to every set back was…
“I will work harder” Boxer adopted this saying as his personal motto. Boxer enjoys working very much, partly because he was very good at it. Boxer’s strength makes work easier for him. Boxer is huge, compared with most of the other animals.
The size and strength of Boxer was colossal. His huge muscles and sheer strength made Boxer the natural choice to do all the tough work.
“Nothing could have been achieved without Boxer, whose strength seemed equal to that of all of the rest of the animals put together.”
Boxer’s power benefited all the animals, as this quote shows;
“[They got] everything done quicker with Boxer on their side.”
Not only was Boxer loyal and a bit dumb but he was also he very strong. So Boxers’ hard work under Napoleons’ leadership was actually used to support a corrupt regime.
Boxer has good relationships with all the animals, in-fact all the animals admire him.
“Boxer was that admiration of everybody.” This is quite true; the animals mainly admired him for his big muscles and power. But others like Benjamin the donkey, admired him for who he is. “Benjamin, nevertheless, without openly admitting it, was attached to Boxer.”
Clover is also devoted to Boxer and in the same way Boxer has a soft spot for Clover.
Both Benjamin and Clover cared for Boxer when he was ill. Boxer thought that hard work was the solution for everything and he nearly worked himself to death.
Boxers’ great power mixed with his devotion and not to mention loving personality encourages the reader to have a soft spot for him. We are very sad when Boxer is hurt. The most heart rendering part of the novel is when Boxer collapses and is sent to the slaughterhouse.
Altogether Boxer is loyal, hardworking, strong, honest and incorruptible, like every person should be, as with most people, there is usually a weakness. In Boxers’ case he is very gullible and he is easily conned into believing lies and obeying rules.
Boxers’ weakness is that he is not very educated, rather dumb and very trusting. It is easy for Napoleon and the other pigs to take advantage of Boxer because of his lack of intelligence and limited education. He is unable to think things through for himself. He has the physical strength of an army and the devotion and loyalty to follow orders and see a task through, yet his power is sadly used for destruction.
In the allegory “Animal Farm”, Boxer, the overworked, incredibly strong, dumb horse represents the common worker in Russia. He is a member of the ignorant working class, who is manipulated and exploited. Boxer can be seen as the victim. He gives his life for the cause, in this case animalism, without realising the corrupt nature of the regime, which he has been working for. Boxers’ character also represents the stereotype of the obedient and courageous soldier who obeys his masters’ every command without questioning it.
Napoleon could not be more different in behaviour from Boxer. He behaves like a fierce dictator who is only interested in his own needs and desires. He constantly changes the rules to suit his selfish purposes. For example, Napoleon changes the commandment “No animal shall drink” to “No animal shall drink in excess” when he wants to justify his own drinking.
Napoleon eventually becomes the new leader of “Manor Farm”, but in order to become leader, Napoleon cheats and makes up lies about his honest rival Snowball. Once Napoleon has control of the farm he wants a life of luxury. He changes all the original rules, which he and Snowball and all the other animals had previously agreed on. The law “From each according to his ability, to each according to his need” breaks down until eventually all seven commandments are replaced with just one which reads. “All animals are equal but some animals are more equal than others.”
Napoleon does not speak to the animals directly, but uses Squealer as his messenger. Squealer is a very persuasive and intelligent pig. Sometimes it seems as if it were Squealer who was the brains behind Napoleon as Squealer does all the work of explaining new rules and circumstances. Squealer does a good job as all of the animals accept the various new conditions.
Napoleon is greedy. He is happy to grab more of everything for himself. He and the other pigs, for example, get extra food.
Almost every week, Napoleon announced a new policy. “Napoleon announced that he had decided upon a new policy” These policies, however great they were made out to be (by Squealer & Napoleon), never appeared to make anything better for the animals. In-fact as things got better and better for Napoleon they got worse and worse for the animals. But Napoleon, with the aid of Squealer, convinced them that the conditions were far worse in the days of Jones.
Although Napoleon is greedy, selfish and fierce, he is also clever. How else would he get the animals to believe his every word? He is also clever in the choice of words he uses, as can be seen clearly in the following quote.
“For the time being, certainly, it has been found necessary to make a readjustment of the rations”
Squealer (instructed by Napoleon) always spoke of it as ‘readjustment’, never as reduction. This proves his persuasive capability. Without the aid of Squealer, Napoleon would not have been as successful.
Napoleon was willing to exploit and sacrifice others for his benefits. Here is just one example of this. When he wanted to be leader he chased Snowball away with his dogs. Napoleon, to get everyone to trust him after what he did, made up lies about Snowball being a criminal and traitor. He said
“Snowball, who, as we know, was no better than a criminal?”
Here Napoleon uses yet more persuasive language, influencing the other animals by using convincing phrases such as ‘as we know’, unconsciously forcing them to believe that his statement was the general view and not just his opinion.
Napoleon yet again makes the animals think less respectfully towards Snowball, by claiming Snowballs’ helpfulness was mush exaggerated.
“And as for the ‘Battle of Cowshed’ (a battle of the animals and humans where Snowball helped save them), I believe the time will come when we shall find out that Snowball’s part in it was much exaggerated.”
Here Napoleon is trying to diminish the importance of Snowballs’ role making him out to be incidental and not the hero, which the other animals remembered him to be.
There are not a lot of good things that can be said about Napoleon.
We have seen with Boxer that his lack of brainpower enabled his good intentions to be misdirected for evil. With Napoleon, he is not simple-minded but clever. Just as stupidity in the wrong hands is dangerous, being clever or smart in the hands of a selfish, egoist dictator like Napoleon is even more dangerous. He has the brains as well as the desire to do evil. Napoleon seems to be so cold-hearted that he doesn’t care for the welfare of the other animals. We see this when he pretends he is sending Boxer to the hospital when in fact he is sending him to his death and is only interested in the money he will get for his dead body.
Napoleon seems to take pleasure in the misery of other animals probably because he likes the feeling of power he has over them.
Napoleon always uses rhetorical questions, when he is in any doubt or when he thinks some of the animals don’t agree with what he is saying. Napoleon and Squealers favourite rhetorical question is
“Surely comrades, none of you want to see Jones back?” Of course once again that question was unanswerable.
Overall Napoleon was, fierce, power-mad, selfish, sinister, deceptive, dangerous and always willing to exploit and sacrifice others to benefit himself.
Napoleon is the mad, dictator pig whom, in the allegory “Animal Farm, represents the Russian leader Joseph Stalin. In fact, Animal Farm was written by Orwell to criticize the totalitarian regime and Stalin’s rule in Russia during and after the 117 revolution.
The satire Animal Farm parodies the struggle between the classes in Russia.
Napoleon could be said to represent the governing body or ruling class and also the upper class. Boxer represents the ruled class or exploited working class. In Napoleons’ brutal, totalitarian rule, the pigs evolve into the capitalists, which they originally despised.
By Julian Barrable
Mind that the sample papers like Characterisation of Animal Farm - Final Foilo Peice presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
The book “Animal Farm” is a very famous political allegory written by George Orwell and first published in 145. The characters, setting and plot of Animal Farm are an allegory of the Russian revolution of 117 and the subsequent years of Stalins’ totalitarian regime. In this short novel, the author tells a story where animals are used to characterize human behaviour.
In this essay, I will discuss and explain the role of two chosen characters and also compare their behaviour with the human types they represent.
The book is about the animals of “Manor Farm”, later called Animal Farm, who want their freedom. They rebel against Jones (the owner of the farm) and throw him out. At first Jones tries to get his farm back, but he soon gives up. The animals are so happy, to start with. Then the animals want to adopt a leader. There are only two animals (both pigs) that really want to be leader and they are Snowball and Napoleon. At first they try to work together co-operatively but this does not work. Just one of the animals must be chosen as leader. Snowball was the favourite among the animals to adopt the role of leader partly because of his honesty and kindness. Napoleon frequently lies and cheats and wants to control the other animals. He chases Snowball away with the help of his hand-reared dogs. He then tells the animals that Snowball was a spy and a traitor. All the animals believe his story, but it is not true.
The animals begin their new lives in “Animal Farm” with their new leader Napoleon. At first everyone is happy, but Napoleon is a bad leader and things go downhill for the animals. Napoleon gradually changes the rules so they only benefit him. The animal’s quality of life rapidly deteriorates until it is no better (if not worse) than it was in the days when Jones ruled the farm.
The main characters in this novel are Snowball, who is Napoleon’s enemy and the good pig, Napoleon, who is appointed leader, Squealer, who is Napoleons helper and messenger and Boxer, who is a hardworking and loyal carthorse. Other characters include Clover, who is Boxers lady friend, Benjamin, who is an old and wise donkey and Mollie, who is a very fashion conscious mare.
The two characters I have chosen to write about are Napoleon, the leader and Boxer the carthorse.
Boxer is an extremely loyal character. His loyalty is shown throughout the whole story. When Boxer accepts Napoleon as the leader, he is prepared to follow him without questioning. This is illustrated in one of the mottoes he adopts, which is,
“Napoleon is always right”
Boxers’ deep loyalty and gullibility easily allows him to be deceived. For example, Squealer, instructed by Napoleon, got Boxer to believe that Snowball was Jones’ “secret agent” all along. This is all a bunch of lies but Boxer easily believes them. Whilst loyalty is an admirable quality, the way Boxer blindly follows his leader ends up being quite destructive.
Boxer is by no means the smartest of animals, in-fact he is quite dumb. He only properly knows four letters of the alphabet A, B, C and D.
“Boxer could not get beyond the letter D. He would trace out A, B, C, D in the dust with his great hoof… On several occasions, indeed, he did learn E, F, G, H but by the time he knew them he had forgotten A, B, C, D”
Boxer is dumb but decent and devoted to trying his best. Boxer isn’t the dumbest animal on the farm, if you compare him to the sheep he’s quite smart.
The fact that Boxer is loyal but not very bright proves to be a dangerous combination. It is easy for Napoleon to take advantage of him.
Boxer is very hardworking; his answer to every set back was…
“I will work harder” Boxer adopted this saying as his personal motto. Boxer enjoys working very much, partly because he was very good at it. Boxer’s strength makes work easier for him. Boxer is huge, compared with most of the other animals.
The size and strength of Boxer was colossal. His huge muscles and sheer strength made Boxer the natural choice to do all the tough work.
“Nothing could have been achieved without Boxer, whose strength seemed equal to that of all of the rest of the animals put together.”
Boxer’s power benefited all the animals, as this quote shows;
“[They got] everything done quicker with Boxer on their side.”
Not only was Boxer loyal and a bit dumb but he was also he very strong. So Boxers’ hard work under Napoleons’ leadership was actually used to support a corrupt regime.
Boxer has good relationships with all the animals, in-fact all the animals admire him.
“Boxer was that admiration of everybody.” This is quite true; the animals mainly admired him for his big muscles and power. But others like Benjamin the donkey, admired him for who he is. “Benjamin, nevertheless, without openly admitting it, was attached to Boxer.”
Clover is also devoted to Boxer and in the same way Boxer has a soft spot for Clover.
Both Benjamin and Clover cared for Boxer when he was ill. Boxer thought that hard work was the solution for everything and he nearly worked himself to death.
Boxers’ great power mixed with his devotion and not to mention loving personality encourages the reader to have a soft spot for him. We are very sad when Boxer is hurt. The most heart rendering part of the novel is when Boxer collapses and is sent to the slaughterhouse.
Altogether Boxer is loyal, hardworking, strong, honest and incorruptible, like every person should be, as with most people, there is usually a weakness. In Boxers’ case he is very gullible and he is easily conned into believing lies and obeying rules.
Boxers’ weakness is that he is not very educated, rather dumb and very trusting. It is easy for Napoleon and the other pigs to take advantage of Boxer because of his lack of intelligence and limited education. He is unable to think things through for himself. He has the physical strength of an army and the devotion and loyalty to follow orders and see a task through, yet his power is sadly used for destruction.
In the allegory “Animal Farm”, Boxer, the overworked, incredibly strong, dumb horse represents the common worker in Russia. He is a member of the ignorant working class, who is manipulated and exploited. Boxer can be seen as the victim. He gives his life for the cause, in this case animalism, without realising the corrupt nature of the regime, which he has been working for. Boxers’ character also represents the stereotype of the obedient and courageous soldier who obeys his masters’ every command without questioning it.
Napoleon could not be more different in behaviour from Boxer. He behaves like a fierce dictator who is only interested in his own needs and desires. He constantly changes the rules to suit his selfish purposes. For example, Napoleon changes the commandment “No animal shall drink” to “No animal shall drink in excess” when he wants to justify his own drinking.
Napoleon eventually becomes the new leader of “Manor Farm”, but in order to become leader, Napoleon cheats and makes up lies about his honest rival Snowball. Once Napoleon has control of the farm he wants a life of luxury. He changes all the original rules, which he and Snowball and all the other animals had previously agreed on. The law “From each according to his ability, to each according to his need” breaks down until eventually all seven commandments are replaced with just one which reads. “All animals are equal but some animals are more equal than others.”
Napoleon does not speak to the animals directly, but uses Squealer as his messenger. Squealer is a very persuasive and intelligent pig. Sometimes it seems as if it were Squealer who was the brains behind Napoleon as Squealer does all the work of explaining new rules and circumstances. Squealer does a good job as all of the animals accept the various new conditions.
Napoleon is greedy. He is happy to grab more of everything for himself. He and the other pigs, for example, get extra food.
Almost every week, Napoleon announced a new policy. “Napoleon announced that he had decided upon a new policy” These policies, however great they were made out to be (by Squealer & Napoleon), never appeared to make anything better for the animals. In-fact as things got better and better for Napoleon they got worse and worse for the animals. But Napoleon, with the aid of Squealer, convinced them that the conditions were far worse in the days of Jones.
Although Napoleon is greedy, selfish and fierce, he is also clever. How else would he get the animals to believe his every word? He is also clever in the choice of words he uses, as can be seen clearly in the following quote.
“For the time being, certainly, it has been found necessary to make a readjustment of the rations”
Squealer (instructed by Napoleon) always spoke of it as ‘readjustment’, never as reduction. This proves his persuasive capability. Without the aid of Squealer, Napoleon would not have been as successful.
Napoleon was willing to exploit and sacrifice others for his benefits. Here is just one example of this. When he wanted to be leader he chased Snowball away with his dogs. Napoleon, to get everyone to trust him after what he did, made up lies about Snowball being a criminal and traitor. He said
“Snowball, who, as we know, was no better than a criminal?”
Here Napoleon uses yet more persuasive language, influencing the other animals by using convincing phrases such as ‘as we know’, unconsciously forcing them to believe that his statement was the general view and not just his opinion.
Napoleon yet again makes the animals think less respectfully towards Snowball, by claiming Snowballs’ helpfulness was mush exaggerated.
“And as for the ‘Battle of Cowshed’ (a battle of the animals and humans where Snowball helped save them), I believe the time will come when we shall find out that Snowball’s part in it was much exaggerated.”
Here Napoleon is trying to diminish the importance of Snowballs’ role making him out to be incidental and not the hero, which the other animals remembered him to be.
There are not a lot of good things that can be said about Napoleon.
We have seen with Boxer that his lack of brainpower enabled his good intentions to be misdirected for evil. With Napoleon, he is not simple-minded but clever. Just as stupidity in the wrong hands is dangerous, being clever or smart in the hands of a selfish, egoist dictator like Napoleon is even more dangerous. He has the brains as well as the desire to do evil. Napoleon seems to be so cold-hearted that he doesn’t care for the welfare of the other animals. We see this when he pretends he is sending Boxer to the hospital when in fact he is sending him to his death and is only interested in the money he will get for his dead body.
Napoleon seems to take pleasure in the misery of other animals probably because he likes the feeling of power he has over them.
Napoleon always uses rhetorical questions, when he is in any doubt or when he thinks some of the animals don’t agree with what he is saying. Napoleon and Squealers favourite rhetorical question is
“Surely comrades, none of you want to see Jones back?” Of course once again that question was unanswerable.
Overall Napoleon was, fierce, power-mad, selfish, sinister, deceptive, dangerous and always willing to exploit and sacrifice others to benefit himself.
Napoleon is the mad, dictator pig whom, in the allegory “Animal Farm, represents the Russian leader Joseph Stalin. In fact, Animal Farm was written by Orwell to criticize the totalitarian regime and Stalin’s rule in Russia during and after the 117 revolution.
The satire Animal Farm parodies the struggle between the classes in Russia.
Napoleon could be said to represent the governing body or ruling class and also the upper class. Boxer represents the ruled class or exploited working class. In Napoleons’ brutal, totalitarian rule, the pigs evolve into the capitalists, which they originally despised.
By Julian Barrable
Mind that the sample papers like Characterisation of Animal Farm - Final Foilo Peice presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Friday, July 20, 2012
Equity problems
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like Equity problems even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like Equity problems in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Bill, Annie and Tonto all work for Wild West Entertainment plc. Annie is in charge of gun shooting training, Bill has responsibility for organising shows and exhibitions, and Tonto is in charge of managing the show animals.
Annie, on behalf of the company, secures a contract for the supply of 500 rifles a month from the leading gun supplier, Bullet plc. Whilst in negotiations she persuades them to add 100 barrels of gunpowder a month free of charge to the order. Annie then sells on the gunpowder to her friend, Jesse, a local cowboy.
Tonto, meanwhile, has been selling manure from the show animals for fertiliser to local farmers. He does not reveal this fact to Wild West Entertainment plc since the manure would otherwise go to waste. Tonto does not have his own bank account. Instead, when Tonto wishes to place his money in safekeeping he gives it to Bill, allowing Bill to keep ten percent.
In addition to helping out Tonto, Bill regularly carries the free gunpowder for Annie to the saloon for when she meets Jesse. Jesse’s partner, Frank, works in the contract negotiation department of Bullet plc.
Advise Wild West Entertainment plc. [Do not consider any liability arising under the criminal law.]
Lily wishes to make the following dispositions to Heather and Fern. She seeks your advice as to the validity of the proposed dispositions and to any statutory formalities that may have to be complied with upon transfer.
(a) £500,000 to be divided between all the green-eyed babies born in Oldcastle in 1.
(b) 10,000 shares, the income of which to be used for twenty one years in any manner for talented doctors who live in Oldcastle. After twenty one years the capital derived from the shares may be distributed between the children of those doctors.
(c) A reasonable number of Lilys houses to be divided between her grandchildren
Mind that the sample papers like Equity problems presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Bill, Annie and Tonto all work for Wild West Entertainment plc. Annie is in charge of gun shooting training, Bill has responsibility for organising shows and exhibitions, and Tonto is in charge of managing the show animals.
Annie, on behalf of the company, secures a contract for the supply of 500 rifles a month from the leading gun supplier, Bullet plc. Whilst in negotiations she persuades them to add 100 barrels of gunpowder a month free of charge to the order. Annie then sells on the gunpowder to her friend, Jesse, a local cowboy.
Tonto, meanwhile, has been selling manure from the show animals for fertiliser to local farmers. He does not reveal this fact to Wild West Entertainment plc since the manure would otherwise go to waste. Tonto does not have his own bank account. Instead, when Tonto wishes to place his money in safekeeping he gives it to Bill, allowing Bill to keep ten percent.
In addition to helping out Tonto, Bill regularly carries the free gunpowder for Annie to the saloon for when she meets Jesse. Jesse’s partner, Frank, works in the contract negotiation department of Bullet plc.
Advise Wild West Entertainment plc. [Do not consider any liability arising under the criminal law.]
Lily wishes to make the following dispositions to Heather and Fern. She seeks your advice as to the validity of the proposed dispositions and to any statutory formalities that may have to be complied with upon transfer.
(a) £500,000 to be divided between all the green-eyed babies born in Oldcastle in 1.
(b) 10,000 shares, the income of which to be used for twenty one years in any manner for talented doctors who live in Oldcastle. After twenty one years the capital derived from the shares may be distributed between the children of those doctors.
(c) A reasonable number of Lilys houses to be divided between her grandchildren
Mind that the sample papers like Equity problems presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Wednesday, July 18, 2012
The Use of Opposites in Othello
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like The Use of Opposites in Othello even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like The Use of Opposites in Othello in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Shakespeare’s Use of Opposites in Othello
Contrast is a principle element in every form of art. Painters use cool colors to push warm ones forward, dark values to accentuate the lighted areas, and soft edges to give focus to the sharp edges. Writers use calm tempos to make the apex of their stories more powerful. In William Shakespeare’s Othello (reprinted in Thomas R. Arp and Laurence Perrine, Literature Structure, Sound, and Sense, 6th ed. [Fort Worth Harcourt, 1] 1060), Shakespeare uses opposites in character, plot, and language for similar purposes.
Desdemona and Emilia serve as opposites to each other. Desdemona is a beautiful young Venetian woman. She has a very sheltered perspective of the world that leads her to fall in love with Othello’s adventurous past. This sheltered view also extends to her perception of most women. In act four, Desdemona reveals her innocence and purity of thought.
In scene two of act four Othello wrongly accuses Desdemona of being a strumpet. Desdemona is so naive to the world that she doesn’t even know what a strumpet is. She replies, “No, as I am a Christian”, and goes on to insist that she will be saved (4..8). She thinks Othello is referring to her religion instead of her chastity.
In scene three of act four, Desdemona underscores her purity of thought in a question to Emilia. She asks, “Dost thou in conscience think � tell me, Emilia � / that there be women do abuse their husbands / in such gross kind?” (4..5-61). She believes all women to be as chaste as she is and doesn’t think that it is even possible for a woman to do such a thing. Desdemona then asks Emilia, “Wouldn’t thou do such a deed for all the world?” (4..6). Desdemona thinks this is such a horrible act that only “the world” would be proper compensation. This question gives Emilia the chance to reveal a principle difference between her and Desdemona. Emilia replies, “Why, would not you?” (4..6). This conversation shows their misjudgment of each other. Emilia thinks her question is silly because she thinks that cheating on one’s husband is something that any woman would do. Emilia thought Desdemona shared her views and would do the same. Desdemona replies, “No, by this heavenly light!” (4..64) Emilia then says that she would do such things by heavenly light either, but that she would definitely do it in secret. She goes on to say that she would cuckold her husband for his own benefit. Emilia is suggesting that she would do this for her own benefit though, because her notoriety would increase with her husband’s if she could advance his rank. Emilia’s lighthearted view of infidelity juxtaposed with Desdemona’s innocence and purity of thought gives the audience a saintly view of Desdemona.
The structure of this contrast makes the play more interesting and suspenseful. The viewer knows that Othello means to do her harm for the pain she caused him by making a cuckold of him, but it seems impossible that any harm could befall such a character pure in heart as Desdemona.
A smaller character foil can be found in the characters Iago and Roderigo. Roderigo’s stupidity and his inclination to be easily led in mind and action compliment Iago’s cleverness and ability to ensnare the minds and wills of others. In the opening lines of the play, Roderigo tells us that Iago has “had my purse / as if the strings were thine” (1.1.-). Roderigo’s desperate plot to win the affection of Desdemona has blinded his concern for money. He loses all of his money by funding Iago’s attempts to win Desdemona for him. Iago displays his conscious plan at the end of act one saying, “Thus do I ever make my fool my purse” (1..16). His manipulation of Roderigo shows that he is very capable of twisting another’s will for his own benefit.
Roderigo’s character also compliments Iago in the respect that Roderigo wears his heart on his sleeve while Iago’s motives are always hidden from the people he interacts with. Iago outwardly admits to this twice in the first act saying, “I must show out a flag and sign of love, / which indeed but a sign” (1.1.155). He also gives a summary of his character saying, “I am not what I am” (1.1.65). This relationship establishes early on that Iago is anything but honest.
In the same way that Iago said “I am not what I am”, opposites in plot structure are situations that are not what they seem to be. Othello is full of plot antithesis from beginning to end. Shakespeare uses this plot device to increase the drama and suspense in his play, and to evoke a wide spectrum of emotions in his listeners.
The first sign of this device can be seen in act one when Desdemona marries Othello behind her father, Brabantio’s back. Brabantio was deceived by his daughter, Desdemona, thinking she was so calm in nature that she “blushed at herself” (1..6). Upon discovering their marriage, he delivers a line that echoes throughout the play “Fathers, from hence trust not your daughters’ minds / By what you see them act” (1.1.67). This small use of plot antithesis foreshadows Iago’s deceitful plans.
In scene three of act three, Iago turns a harmless situation into a soar in Othello’s mind. Cassio is leaving the scene after taking with Desdemona as Iago and Othello enter the scene. Iago had instructed Cassio to ask Desdemona to speak to Othello on his behalf, yet he immediately insinuates that Cassio was wooing Othello’s wife by suggesting that he had “[stolen] away so guilty-like” (..40). This is the first seed of jealousy that Iago plants in Othello’s mind.
At the beginning of act four Iago sets another jealousy trap for Othello. He tells Othello to hide himself and listen to Cassio confess his affair with Desdemona. In truth, the conversation he overhears is about Cassio’s relationship to Bianca. Iago knows that Cassio “cannot refrain from excess laughter” when he speaks about Bianca, and he uses this to mold Othello’s jealous thoughts (4.1.6-7). Othello eavesdrops on the conversation and interprets it as solid evidence that his wife is having an affair. The audience knows that he is misinterpreting the conversation, and as they watch the event unfold they are made to feel like direct witnesses to Iago’s scheme. The impact of experiencing Iago’s knavery first hand, after he explains to the audience how he plans to ensnare his victims, makes the audience feel like they too are Iago’s victims, being “led by the nose as asses are” (1..77).
The handkerchief ordeal is another use of opposites in the play. Desdemona thinks she has lost her handkerchief and Othello thinks that she has given it to Cassio. In truth, Iago had his wife steal it so that he could use it to weave his web of deception.
Shakespeare also uses opposites in language, through oxymorons, in this play. These combinations of contradictory or incongruous words linger in the listener’s ear, and cause them to contemplate the circumstances further. Two oxymorns exist in this play. Both of which, are spoken by Othello. In scene two of act five Othello murders his wife in their bed. Doing this he says
What noise is this? Not dead? Not yet quite dead?
I that am cruel am yet merciful,
I would not have thee linger in thy pain. (5..85-86)
To the immediate circumstances he is saying that he doesn’t want to cause her pain in her death, and he aims to end her life quickly. But further examination leads to Othello’s truth motives in this murder. By killing Desdemona now, he insures that she has a place in heaven. He still loves her very much at this point, and shows mercy to her soul by allowing her to confess her sins in prayer before she dies. Shakespeare’s use of this oxymoron is a very efficient way of describing the complexities of this murder.
Shakespeare uses another oxymoron as Othello confesses the murder to Lodovico. Othello tells Lodovico that he is “an honorable murderer, if you will. / For naught did [he] in hate, but all in honor” (5..-4). The extreme opposition of the terms, honorable and murderer force the audience to reconsider their judgment of Othello. In Shakespeare’s time it was considered lawful to kill ones wife if she made a cuckold of her husband. Othello is tells Lodovico that his deeds were honorable by law, and he tells the audience that his actions are justified by his wife’s abuse.
Shakespeare’s usage of opposites in language, bind seamlessly with the opposites in characters and plot structure. The contrast of these opposites gives the viewer a point of reference from which to judge the individual parts. Together, they intensify the drama of the play and involve the audience mentally and emotionally.
Mind that the sample papers like The Use of Opposites in Othello presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Shakespeare’s Use of Opposites in Othello
Contrast is a principle element in every form of art. Painters use cool colors to push warm ones forward, dark values to accentuate the lighted areas, and soft edges to give focus to the sharp edges. Writers use calm tempos to make the apex of their stories more powerful. In William Shakespeare’s Othello (reprinted in Thomas R. Arp and Laurence Perrine, Literature Structure, Sound, and Sense, 6th ed. [Fort Worth Harcourt, 1] 1060), Shakespeare uses opposites in character, plot, and language for similar purposes.
Desdemona and Emilia serve as opposites to each other. Desdemona is a beautiful young Venetian woman. She has a very sheltered perspective of the world that leads her to fall in love with Othello’s adventurous past. This sheltered view also extends to her perception of most women. In act four, Desdemona reveals her innocence and purity of thought.
In scene two of act four Othello wrongly accuses Desdemona of being a strumpet. Desdemona is so naive to the world that she doesn’t even know what a strumpet is. She replies, “No, as I am a Christian”, and goes on to insist that she will be saved (4..8). She thinks Othello is referring to her religion instead of her chastity.
In scene three of act four, Desdemona underscores her purity of thought in a question to Emilia. She asks, “Dost thou in conscience think � tell me, Emilia � / that there be women do abuse their husbands / in such gross kind?” (4..5-61). She believes all women to be as chaste as she is and doesn’t think that it is even possible for a woman to do such a thing. Desdemona then asks Emilia, “Wouldn’t thou do such a deed for all the world?” (4..6). Desdemona thinks this is such a horrible act that only “the world” would be proper compensation. This question gives Emilia the chance to reveal a principle difference between her and Desdemona. Emilia replies, “Why, would not you?” (4..6). This conversation shows their misjudgment of each other. Emilia thinks her question is silly because she thinks that cheating on one’s husband is something that any woman would do. Emilia thought Desdemona shared her views and would do the same. Desdemona replies, “No, by this heavenly light!” (4..64) Emilia then says that she would do such things by heavenly light either, but that she would definitely do it in secret. She goes on to say that she would cuckold her husband for his own benefit. Emilia is suggesting that she would do this for her own benefit though, because her notoriety would increase with her husband’s if she could advance his rank. Emilia’s lighthearted view of infidelity juxtaposed with Desdemona’s innocence and purity of thought gives the audience a saintly view of Desdemona.
The structure of this contrast makes the play more interesting and suspenseful. The viewer knows that Othello means to do her harm for the pain she caused him by making a cuckold of him, but it seems impossible that any harm could befall such a character pure in heart as Desdemona.
A smaller character foil can be found in the characters Iago and Roderigo. Roderigo’s stupidity and his inclination to be easily led in mind and action compliment Iago’s cleverness and ability to ensnare the minds and wills of others. In the opening lines of the play, Roderigo tells us that Iago has “had my purse / as if the strings were thine” (1.1.-). Roderigo’s desperate plot to win the affection of Desdemona has blinded his concern for money. He loses all of his money by funding Iago’s attempts to win Desdemona for him. Iago displays his conscious plan at the end of act one saying, “Thus do I ever make my fool my purse” (1..16). His manipulation of Roderigo shows that he is very capable of twisting another’s will for his own benefit.
Roderigo’s character also compliments Iago in the respect that Roderigo wears his heart on his sleeve while Iago’s motives are always hidden from the people he interacts with. Iago outwardly admits to this twice in the first act saying, “I must show out a flag and sign of love, / which indeed but a sign” (1.1.155). He also gives a summary of his character saying, “I am not what I am” (1.1.65). This relationship establishes early on that Iago is anything but honest.
In the same way that Iago said “I am not what I am”, opposites in plot structure are situations that are not what they seem to be. Othello is full of plot antithesis from beginning to end. Shakespeare uses this plot device to increase the drama and suspense in his play, and to evoke a wide spectrum of emotions in his listeners.
The first sign of this device can be seen in act one when Desdemona marries Othello behind her father, Brabantio’s back. Brabantio was deceived by his daughter, Desdemona, thinking she was so calm in nature that she “blushed at herself” (1..6). Upon discovering their marriage, he delivers a line that echoes throughout the play “Fathers, from hence trust not your daughters’ minds / By what you see them act” (1.1.67). This small use of plot antithesis foreshadows Iago’s deceitful plans.
In scene three of act three, Iago turns a harmless situation into a soar in Othello’s mind. Cassio is leaving the scene after taking with Desdemona as Iago and Othello enter the scene. Iago had instructed Cassio to ask Desdemona to speak to Othello on his behalf, yet he immediately insinuates that Cassio was wooing Othello’s wife by suggesting that he had “[stolen] away so guilty-like” (..40). This is the first seed of jealousy that Iago plants in Othello’s mind.
At the beginning of act four Iago sets another jealousy trap for Othello. He tells Othello to hide himself and listen to Cassio confess his affair with Desdemona. In truth, the conversation he overhears is about Cassio’s relationship to Bianca. Iago knows that Cassio “cannot refrain from excess laughter” when he speaks about Bianca, and he uses this to mold Othello’s jealous thoughts (4.1.6-7). Othello eavesdrops on the conversation and interprets it as solid evidence that his wife is having an affair. The audience knows that he is misinterpreting the conversation, and as they watch the event unfold they are made to feel like direct witnesses to Iago’s scheme. The impact of experiencing Iago’s knavery first hand, after he explains to the audience how he plans to ensnare his victims, makes the audience feel like they too are Iago’s victims, being “led by the nose as asses are” (1..77).
The handkerchief ordeal is another use of opposites in the play. Desdemona thinks she has lost her handkerchief and Othello thinks that she has given it to Cassio. In truth, Iago had his wife steal it so that he could use it to weave his web of deception.
Shakespeare also uses opposites in language, through oxymorons, in this play. These combinations of contradictory or incongruous words linger in the listener’s ear, and cause them to contemplate the circumstances further. Two oxymorns exist in this play. Both of which, are spoken by Othello. In scene two of act five Othello murders his wife in their bed. Doing this he says
What noise is this? Not dead? Not yet quite dead?
I that am cruel am yet merciful,
I would not have thee linger in thy pain. (5..85-86)
To the immediate circumstances he is saying that he doesn’t want to cause her pain in her death, and he aims to end her life quickly. But further examination leads to Othello’s truth motives in this murder. By killing Desdemona now, he insures that she has a place in heaven. He still loves her very much at this point, and shows mercy to her soul by allowing her to confess her sins in prayer before she dies. Shakespeare’s use of this oxymoron is a very efficient way of describing the complexities of this murder.
Shakespeare uses another oxymoron as Othello confesses the murder to Lodovico. Othello tells Lodovico that he is “an honorable murderer, if you will. / For naught did [he] in hate, but all in honor” (5..-4). The extreme opposition of the terms, honorable and murderer force the audience to reconsider their judgment of Othello. In Shakespeare’s time it was considered lawful to kill ones wife if she made a cuckold of her husband. Othello is tells Lodovico that his deeds were honorable by law, and he tells the audience that his actions are justified by his wife’s abuse.
Shakespeare’s usage of opposites in language, bind seamlessly with the opposites in characters and plot structure. The contrast of these opposites gives the viewer a point of reference from which to judge the individual parts. Together, they intensify the drama of the play and involve the audience mentally and emotionally.
Mind that the sample papers like The Use of Opposites in Othello presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Sunday, July 15, 2012
Markham Instruments
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Executive Summary ¡V Founded in 117, Markham Instruments Company manufactured mechanical measurement instruments sold through mail order. During the first decade of its life, the company was organized around the production of these instruments.
In response to increased competition and demand for its products, Markham expanded its sales organization in 14. The market also shifted from mechanical to electrical and electronic measuring devices during this time period. This shift in product attributes required increased scientific skill to engineer the product.
World War II brought an explosion in demand for Markham products. Along with the increased demand came a huge labor requirement to assemble the electronic measuring devices. This era was identified as the start of when the company began to operate in crisis mode.
Along with the explosion in demand and number of employees, came an increase in the number or disputes between Production and other departments. Mr. Roberts and Mr. Finlay feel the increased disputes between the departments are adversely affecting the company¡¦s ability to meet the demands of a changing market and technology.
They survey the key employees to get their feedback on the problem. The key to their success is in using this feedback, along with analysis of management self-concept, to gain insights into what they can do to make the group¡¦s interactions more productive
Core Issues ¡V Following are critical issues that impact the Markham Instrument Company
Change in the External Environment
During Markham¡¦s first decade of operation, the company organized around the production of the mechanical instruments. The company founder was heavily involved in the day-to-day operations of all departments.
In 14, the market shift from mechanical to electrical and electronic measuring devices resulted in the need for increased scientific skill to design the instruments. Organization of the company shifted focus to Sales and Engineering.
There was an explosion of demand and personnel during World War II. An internal management scandal led to the replacement of Production division management with outsiders. This influx of outsiders changed the company. This period is identified as the start Markham¡¦s operational crisis.
¡§Whatever its character or purpose, a group if it is successfully to operate on its environment, needs some division of labor, some system of communications, some leadership and some discipline.¡¨ More simply put, a group needs jobs (activities), communication (interaction) and motives (sentiments) to survive in its environment..
1. A job requires certain activities for successful performance, the nature of which varies according to the particular technology and job design. The jobs (required activities) at Markham had not been reorganized to reflect how each individual plays a part in the production of the more technically oriented equipment.
„� Personnel policies were obsolete.
„� Production work, in general, kept pace with the factory expansion. In Assembly and Fabricating & Finishing, specialization had taken place and jobs are fairly well defined
„h 400 assembly workers - each person responsible for completing one module.
„h 150 machinists - each person operating one type of machine working on lots of parts.
„h Production control ¡V trained on skills needed for job.
„� The design of the product in the early days allowed Production and top management to organize around, and participate heavily in the design and engineering of the mechanical instruments. The electronic product is more technical and the design skills required are more scientific yet many people outside the engineering organization continue to perform engineering activities. The required activities in Engineering & Design should be different for different people and the activities must be organized.
„h Sales / senior management perform changes in designs / methods.
„h Production management and assembly foreman conduct product engineering on a daily basis
„h Production checks Preproduction Engineering¡¦s drawings to ensure they meet production capabilities.
„h Assembly solves layout problems that should be handled by Preproduction Engineering
„h Production finds ways to get things done without informing Engineering.
„h Preproduction Engineering has minimal contact with Production because they have experience in production processes.
„h Constant coordination is needed on changes in schedules and designs to meet the requirements of each department.
„h Finlay states that ¡§Designs find difficulty in production.¡¨
„h It is often required to make changes after design was submitted to Production to meet manufacturing requirements
„h Assembly frequently contacts engineering on parts that don¡¦t function correctly
. The growth in complexity in technical process goes had in hand with an increase in the amount of interaction and the complexity of the interaction pattern.
„� Intradepartmental interactions are unpredictable and information flows are unstructured
„h Sales „Æ Engineering - Sales makes promises on equipment that has not been fully developed leading to problems in Production. Sales is unaware of where the product is in the release cycle.
„h Production „Æ Sales - Production can¡¦t rely on Sales to completely communicate sales contract details.
„h Engineering „Æ Production ¡V Preproduction Engineering has minimal contact with production because they have experience in production processes.
„h Top management, Sales and R&D jointly decide on new methods or changes in existing products to meet changing demand. Production is not included in the planning.
„� The scheme of interaction reveals frequent instances where management bypasses formal channels and goes directly to the responsible individuals. The pyramid of communication has evolved to where junior employees are receiving instruction, are being influenced from managers outside of their department. Employees have multiple masters leading to conflict in instruction
. Early sentiments required at Markham Instruments included support of a family atmosphere along and strong company loyalty. This loyalty also included a tendency for employee to avoid ¡§rocking the apple cart¡¨. Markhamites were expected to foster an environment void of arguments. ¡§For most groups a conflict free climate is not effective. Important issues are not explored and quality of group¡¦s work is sacrificed for the maintenance of friendly and smooth relations.¡¨
„� ¡§Sugar and honey¡¨ methods were expected. People are afraid to make production mad by telling them what to do. Production managers tended to avoid open conflict with each other.
„� In an effort to avoid arguments with other managers, ¡§back door¡¨ interactions with between upper management and lower level workers were not unusual. These instances illustrated by Figure 6, exhibit higher levels of downward influence. Manager points of view tended to dominate.
„h Sales dominates over production.
„h Production frequently dominates over lower levels in engineering.
„h Roberts frequently dominates over middle management in Production.
„h Fellman (Order Coordinator) interacts with Mulcahy and looses more than he wins. He doesn¡¦t think they are very cooperative
„h Bice (Engineer) keeps getting ¡§overridden from above and from Sales.¡¨
Given Sentiments & Emergent Behavior Impact Company Values
Henry Markham exemplified the values of his company ¡V skill, ingenuity, quality work and close personal ties. The early Markhamites supported his values of being friendly and warm. Markham also required that employees be loyal to the company, to put company before own self-interests.
During the 17 shift from Production to Sales and Engineering, the values of skill, ingenuity and close personal ties remained. Even with the shift from mechanical to electronic devices, Production continued informal, internally developed production methods.
The ¡§Victory workers¡¨ and Production management brought in during and after the war did not share these same values of ¡§family spirit¡¨. Trained production specialists also did not like the traditional production methods.
The given sentiments of the new Production management team, specifically the focus on process instead of people, led to behavior which was not only different from, but in actual conflict with, the behaviors expected by Finlay and Roberts. The behaviors of the Production subgroup became increasingly differentiated from the company as a whole.
1. They did not share the Markhamite emphasis on friendly, personal relationships.
„� Ed Greene ¡§went against the family¡¨ and routed out top management that had been involved in collusion and malpractice.
„� Unlike Pop Markham, Greene and his managers did not, in general, circulate with factory workers. Greene¡¦s staff spent time together planning the operations of the department. Due to the size of the department, the managers worked with their foremen who, in turn, spent time with the shop workers. Greene, Browning and Hersey spent more time in their office ¡§with their sleeves rolled up¡¨ working on planning and problems. Their direct reports got out to see the people.
. The new production team also went against the philosophy of internally developed informal methods.
„� Pat Mulcahy educated his people on basics of scheduling, spoilage controls and so on.
„� Alan Browning spent considerable time improving and simplifying workflows.
„� The team focused on systemic production methods and procedures including formalized, written procedures, product schedules, etc.
Other than not embracing the norm of a warm and friendly environment, the norms of the Production subgroup lined up very well with the Markhamite value system.
„� They continuously innovated and improved their processes.
„� They strived to make Markham a better place.
„� Production management, while not treating employees explicitly like family, was very interested in the development of their department.
„h Greene wants ideas from the people, who work with him, not generated at the top and pushed down.
„h Management was given instruction and left to perform, not to be micromanaged.
„h Training was provided.
Feedback Can Help Adjust the External System
One of the most important influences on management policy is the ¡§feedback¡¨ received from the emerging activity, productivity, satisfaction and individual development of members of the group. Feedback, if funneled properly, could continuously modify the external system (to build up the social system as a whole) into something more than the external system they started with.
Feedback, along with observation of a group¡¦s process is important because it helps the manager to understand what is taking place covertly as well as overtly in the group¡¦s behavior. It also provides insights into what a manager can do to make the groups interactions more productive.
Finlay solicits feedback from key company personnel on their perceptions as to where the issues lie. ¡§His understanding of the behavior of the people he works with is important to the quality and effectiveness of these relationships. These relationships, in turn are crucial to his effectiveness as a manager and ultimately to the success of the firm.¡¨
In many cases, the feedback illustrated improved communication between Production and Engineering. It also indicates that improved processes are the result
„h Greene ¡V on the Beta recorder, we had success working with engineering and looking at detailed drawings.
„h Adams (Design) has a lot of interaction with production. ¡§Grey area between Engineering and Production. Very bad situation.¡¨ ¡§able to sit down with Green and purchasing to consult¡K.the bars are beginning to come down.¡¨
In other cases, the feedback illustrated how the organization of the company was impeding progress.
„h Schmidt (Sales Executives) ¡V Green is put in an impossible position of constantly accommodating changes in schedules and designs. Need better recognition of the responsibility of sales towards production.
Finlay Strives for Adequacy
Finlay is a Markhamite, valuing the warmth and friendliness that existed in the early Markham days. As evidenced by Figure 5, he also feels a strong need to be involved, to influence the day-to-day operations of the department.
Finlay takes the feedback from the extensive interview process and comes to the conclusion that the values of the Production department are the issue. Filters in his self-concept prohibit him from seeing the real issues with the interaction among departments.
„h Past experiences with Greene, such as him going against the family, and Greene publicly insulting him
„h Emergent behaviors in the production do not support his idea of the company values
The value changes, emerging from the Production division have disrupted his sense of stability. ¡§The more adequate a person judges himself, the more he will be able to turn a threat into a challenge to look for and accept new ways of seeing himself in the world.¡¨ In Finlay¡¦s case, the threat is intense enough for him to want to eliminate it altogether.
Finlay¡¦s assumption is that people should ¡§get along¡¨. His perception is that the difficulties, acknowledged as broader than one department, originate from the Production department. His feeling is that Ed Greene, as manager of that department, is the responsible for the difficulties.
He cannot assimilate these new values into his personality, nor is he willing to reorganize his values. His behavior, in an effort to maintain his adequacy as a leader, is to reject the source of the ¡§badness¡¨, Ed Greene, from the company.
Conclusions ¡V
1. Redefine roles and responsibilities particularly in the Engineering & Design areas. Meet with upper management to explain how the ambiguity in job definition is impacting communication and productivity.
„� Creation of a product engineering function to create product designs matched to production capabilities
„� Defining processes and required interactions including regular meetings between engineering and production
. Intradepartmental process mapping should be conducted. Mapping of interactions and information flows between Sales, Engineering and Production will lead to further clarification on roles and will identify areas where breakdown in communication occur.
. Implementation of a formal planning process where periodic and formal meetings between all department heads are conducted to understand
„� Market trends
„� Product release cycles
„� Sales forecasts
„� Inventory levels
„� Innovation and continuous improvement best practices
4. Enhance the company values from a focus on ¡§not rocking the apple cart¡¨ to a focus on
„� Working as a team
„� Respecting, trusting, helping one another
„� Open dialogue and feedback to help improve the company.
5. Reestablish more formal channels of interaction. Let all the managers manage their people without constant influence from others. That includes Roberts backing away from micromanaging the activities in Production.
6. Since Ed Greene is out the door, move Pat Mulcahy into the Superintendent role. He has shown the ability to work with the other departments and an understanding of the interrelationships between departments.
7. ¡§Groups cannot function effectively if cohesion is low or if relationships among group members become strained.¡¨ Top management must perform maintenance functions to rebuild damage relationships and to bring harmony back to the group. Regular team building exercises including team meetings would help.
Mind that the sample papers like Markham Instruments presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Executive Summary ¡V Founded in 117, Markham Instruments Company manufactured mechanical measurement instruments sold through mail order. During the first decade of its life, the company was organized around the production of these instruments.
In response to increased competition and demand for its products, Markham expanded its sales organization in 14. The market also shifted from mechanical to electrical and electronic measuring devices during this time period. This shift in product attributes required increased scientific skill to engineer the product.
World War II brought an explosion in demand for Markham products. Along with the increased demand came a huge labor requirement to assemble the electronic measuring devices. This era was identified as the start of when the company began to operate in crisis mode.
Along with the explosion in demand and number of employees, came an increase in the number or disputes between Production and other departments. Mr. Roberts and Mr. Finlay feel the increased disputes between the departments are adversely affecting the company¡¦s ability to meet the demands of a changing market and technology.
They survey the key employees to get their feedback on the problem. The key to their success is in using this feedback, along with analysis of management self-concept, to gain insights into what they can do to make the group¡¦s interactions more productive
Core Issues ¡V Following are critical issues that impact the Markham Instrument Company
Change in the External Environment
During Markham¡¦s first decade of operation, the company organized around the production of the mechanical instruments. The company founder was heavily involved in the day-to-day operations of all departments.
In 14, the market shift from mechanical to electrical and electronic measuring devices resulted in the need for increased scientific skill to design the instruments. Organization of the company shifted focus to Sales and Engineering.
There was an explosion of demand and personnel during World War II. An internal management scandal led to the replacement of Production division management with outsiders. This influx of outsiders changed the company. This period is identified as the start Markham¡¦s operational crisis.
¡§Whatever its character or purpose, a group if it is successfully to operate on its environment, needs some division of labor, some system of communications, some leadership and some discipline.¡¨ More simply put, a group needs jobs (activities), communication (interaction) and motives (sentiments) to survive in its environment..
1. A job requires certain activities for successful performance, the nature of which varies according to the particular technology and job design. The jobs (required activities) at Markham had not been reorganized to reflect how each individual plays a part in the production of the more technically oriented equipment.
„� Personnel policies were obsolete.
„� Production work, in general, kept pace with the factory expansion. In Assembly and Fabricating & Finishing, specialization had taken place and jobs are fairly well defined
„h 400 assembly workers - each person responsible for completing one module.
„h 150 machinists - each person operating one type of machine working on lots of parts.
„h Production control ¡V trained on skills needed for job.
„� The design of the product in the early days allowed Production and top management to organize around, and participate heavily in the design and engineering of the mechanical instruments. The electronic product is more technical and the design skills required are more scientific yet many people outside the engineering organization continue to perform engineering activities. The required activities in Engineering & Design should be different for different people and the activities must be organized.
„h Sales / senior management perform changes in designs / methods.
„h Production management and assembly foreman conduct product engineering on a daily basis
„h Production checks Preproduction Engineering¡¦s drawings to ensure they meet production capabilities.
„h Assembly solves layout problems that should be handled by Preproduction Engineering
„h Production finds ways to get things done without informing Engineering.
„h Preproduction Engineering has minimal contact with Production because they have experience in production processes.
„h Constant coordination is needed on changes in schedules and designs to meet the requirements of each department.
„h Finlay states that ¡§Designs find difficulty in production.¡¨
„h It is often required to make changes after design was submitted to Production to meet manufacturing requirements
„h Assembly frequently contacts engineering on parts that don¡¦t function correctly
. The growth in complexity in technical process goes had in hand with an increase in the amount of interaction and the complexity of the interaction pattern.
„� Intradepartmental interactions are unpredictable and information flows are unstructured
„h Sales „Æ Engineering - Sales makes promises on equipment that has not been fully developed leading to problems in Production. Sales is unaware of where the product is in the release cycle.
„h Production „Æ Sales - Production can¡¦t rely on Sales to completely communicate sales contract details.
„h Engineering „Æ Production ¡V Preproduction Engineering has minimal contact with production because they have experience in production processes.
„h Top management, Sales and R&D jointly decide on new methods or changes in existing products to meet changing demand. Production is not included in the planning.
„� The scheme of interaction reveals frequent instances where management bypasses formal channels and goes directly to the responsible individuals. The pyramid of communication has evolved to where junior employees are receiving instruction, are being influenced from managers outside of their department. Employees have multiple masters leading to conflict in instruction
. Early sentiments required at Markham Instruments included support of a family atmosphere along and strong company loyalty. This loyalty also included a tendency for employee to avoid ¡§rocking the apple cart¡¨. Markhamites were expected to foster an environment void of arguments. ¡§For most groups a conflict free climate is not effective. Important issues are not explored and quality of group¡¦s work is sacrificed for the maintenance of friendly and smooth relations.¡¨
„� ¡§Sugar and honey¡¨ methods were expected. People are afraid to make production mad by telling them what to do. Production managers tended to avoid open conflict with each other.
„� In an effort to avoid arguments with other managers, ¡§back door¡¨ interactions with between upper management and lower level workers were not unusual. These instances illustrated by Figure 6, exhibit higher levels of downward influence. Manager points of view tended to dominate.
„h Sales dominates over production.
„h Production frequently dominates over lower levels in engineering.
„h Roberts frequently dominates over middle management in Production.
„h Fellman (Order Coordinator) interacts with Mulcahy and looses more than he wins. He doesn¡¦t think they are very cooperative
„h Bice (Engineer) keeps getting ¡§overridden from above and from Sales.¡¨
Given Sentiments & Emergent Behavior Impact Company Values
Henry Markham exemplified the values of his company ¡V skill, ingenuity, quality work and close personal ties. The early Markhamites supported his values of being friendly and warm. Markham also required that employees be loyal to the company, to put company before own self-interests.
During the 17 shift from Production to Sales and Engineering, the values of skill, ingenuity and close personal ties remained. Even with the shift from mechanical to electronic devices, Production continued informal, internally developed production methods.
The ¡§Victory workers¡¨ and Production management brought in during and after the war did not share these same values of ¡§family spirit¡¨. Trained production specialists also did not like the traditional production methods.
The given sentiments of the new Production management team, specifically the focus on process instead of people, led to behavior which was not only different from, but in actual conflict with, the behaviors expected by Finlay and Roberts. The behaviors of the Production subgroup became increasingly differentiated from the company as a whole.
1. They did not share the Markhamite emphasis on friendly, personal relationships.
„� Ed Greene ¡§went against the family¡¨ and routed out top management that had been involved in collusion and malpractice.
„� Unlike Pop Markham, Greene and his managers did not, in general, circulate with factory workers. Greene¡¦s staff spent time together planning the operations of the department. Due to the size of the department, the managers worked with their foremen who, in turn, spent time with the shop workers. Greene, Browning and Hersey spent more time in their office ¡§with their sleeves rolled up¡¨ working on planning and problems. Their direct reports got out to see the people.
. The new production team also went against the philosophy of internally developed informal methods.
„� Pat Mulcahy educated his people on basics of scheduling, spoilage controls and so on.
„� Alan Browning spent considerable time improving and simplifying workflows.
„� The team focused on systemic production methods and procedures including formalized, written procedures, product schedules, etc.
Other than not embracing the norm of a warm and friendly environment, the norms of the Production subgroup lined up very well with the Markhamite value system.
„� They continuously innovated and improved their processes.
„� They strived to make Markham a better place.
„� Production management, while not treating employees explicitly like family, was very interested in the development of their department.
„h Greene wants ideas from the people, who work with him, not generated at the top and pushed down.
„h Management was given instruction and left to perform, not to be micromanaged.
„h Training was provided.
Feedback Can Help Adjust the External System
One of the most important influences on management policy is the ¡§feedback¡¨ received from the emerging activity, productivity, satisfaction and individual development of members of the group. Feedback, if funneled properly, could continuously modify the external system (to build up the social system as a whole) into something more than the external system they started with.
Feedback, along with observation of a group¡¦s process is important because it helps the manager to understand what is taking place covertly as well as overtly in the group¡¦s behavior. It also provides insights into what a manager can do to make the groups interactions more productive.
Finlay solicits feedback from key company personnel on their perceptions as to where the issues lie. ¡§His understanding of the behavior of the people he works with is important to the quality and effectiveness of these relationships. These relationships, in turn are crucial to his effectiveness as a manager and ultimately to the success of the firm.¡¨
In many cases, the feedback illustrated improved communication between Production and Engineering. It also indicates that improved processes are the result
„h Greene ¡V on the Beta recorder, we had success working with engineering and looking at detailed drawings.
„h Adams (Design) has a lot of interaction with production. ¡§Grey area between Engineering and Production. Very bad situation.¡¨ ¡§able to sit down with Green and purchasing to consult¡K.the bars are beginning to come down.¡¨
In other cases, the feedback illustrated how the organization of the company was impeding progress.
„h Schmidt (Sales Executives) ¡V Green is put in an impossible position of constantly accommodating changes in schedules and designs. Need better recognition of the responsibility of sales towards production.
Finlay Strives for Adequacy
Finlay is a Markhamite, valuing the warmth and friendliness that existed in the early Markham days. As evidenced by Figure 5, he also feels a strong need to be involved, to influence the day-to-day operations of the department.
Finlay takes the feedback from the extensive interview process and comes to the conclusion that the values of the Production department are the issue. Filters in his self-concept prohibit him from seeing the real issues with the interaction among departments.
„h Past experiences with Greene, such as him going against the family, and Greene publicly insulting him
„h Emergent behaviors in the production do not support his idea of the company values
The value changes, emerging from the Production division have disrupted his sense of stability. ¡§The more adequate a person judges himself, the more he will be able to turn a threat into a challenge to look for and accept new ways of seeing himself in the world.¡¨ In Finlay¡¦s case, the threat is intense enough for him to want to eliminate it altogether.
Finlay¡¦s assumption is that people should ¡§get along¡¨. His perception is that the difficulties, acknowledged as broader than one department, originate from the Production department. His feeling is that Ed Greene, as manager of that department, is the responsible for the difficulties.
He cannot assimilate these new values into his personality, nor is he willing to reorganize his values. His behavior, in an effort to maintain his adequacy as a leader, is to reject the source of the ¡§badness¡¨, Ed Greene, from the company.
Conclusions ¡V
1. Redefine roles and responsibilities particularly in the Engineering & Design areas. Meet with upper management to explain how the ambiguity in job definition is impacting communication and productivity.
„� Creation of a product engineering function to create product designs matched to production capabilities
„� Defining processes and required interactions including regular meetings between engineering and production
. Intradepartmental process mapping should be conducted. Mapping of interactions and information flows between Sales, Engineering and Production will lead to further clarification on roles and will identify areas where breakdown in communication occur.
. Implementation of a formal planning process where periodic and formal meetings between all department heads are conducted to understand
„� Market trends
„� Product release cycles
„� Sales forecasts
„� Inventory levels
„� Innovation and continuous improvement best practices
4. Enhance the company values from a focus on ¡§not rocking the apple cart¡¨ to a focus on
„� Working as a team
„� Respecting, trusting, helping one another
„� Open dialogue and feedback to help improve the company.
5. Reestablish more formal channels of interaction. Let all the managers manage their people without constant influence from others. That includes Roberts backing away from micromanaging the activities in Production.
6. Since Ed Greene is out the door, move Pat Mulcahy into the Superintendent role. He has shown the ability to work with the other departments and an understanding of the interrelationships between departments.
7. ¡§Groups cannot function effectively if cohesion is low or if relationships among group members become strained.¡¨ Top management must perform maintenance functions to rebuild damage relationships and to bring harmony back to the group. Regular team building exercises including team meetings would help.
Mind that the sample papers like Markham Instruments presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Friday, July 13, 2012
Family Values.
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like Family Values. even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like Family Values. in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Throughout the history of mankind, family structure, values and norms were fairly well rmained. However, in todays society, due to lack of religion and morality amont other things, the family value system is rapidly falling. Our society must emphasize the good values of the traditional family. Poverty, crime, and declining school performance are three of the greatest concern that can be attributed to children being raised in untraditional families.
When parents divorce, instead of the income from two people, there is now only income from one and this often causes a once middle class family to become a lower class family. Also because of our nations poverty, billions of dollares are spent on welfare and other such programs for the poor people. In addition crime rate is both increasing rapidly and becoming more violent. Crimes can be attributed to the rise of non-traditional families. A need to have a father not only to enforce positive behavior, but to punish improper behavior. Also, a child needs a father as a role model, mothers are equally important to give loving care and provide support. Morever, untraditional or improper behavior disp;ayed by parents may have long lasting negative effects on children.
Dispite the fact that children attend school regularly, their decline in performance is on the rise. Though their attendance is required, they often learn nothing. Sometimes graduating high school students have difficulty to solve simple math problems. Also one of the biggest problems of reforming the school systems is the fact that the number of child coming from disrupted families is rising.
Another reason for the school performance is that coming from broken homes, these kids are worried and connot concentrate in school, because they may work to help support their family. Although the simple cure to these major concerns is to return family values into our society. Nevertheless, eliminating poverty would seem the most reasonable way to fight crime and improve school performance, for with an increased standard of living. Ignoring these very real problems will doom not only these children but also our society.
Mind that the sample papers like Family Values. presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Throughout the history of mankind, family structure, values and norms were fairly well rmained. However, in todays society, due to lack of religion and morality amont other things, the family value system is rapidly falling. Our society must emphasize the good values of the traditional family. Poverty, crime, and declining school performance are three of the greatest concern that can be attributed to children being raised in untraditional families.
When parents divorce, instead of the income from two people, there is now only income from one and this often causes a once middle class family to become a lower class family. Also because of our nations poverty, billions of dollares are spent on welfare and other such programs for the poor people. In addition crime rate is both increasing rapidly and becoming more violent. Crimes can be attributed to the rise of non-traditional families. A need to have a father not only to enforce positive behavior, but to punish improper behavior. Also, a child needs a father as a role model, mothers are equally important to give loving care and provide support. Morever, untraditional or improper behavior disp;ayed by parents may have long lasting negative effects on children.
Dispite the fact that children attend school regularly, their decline in performance is on the rise. Though their attendance is required, they often learn nothing. Sometimes graduating high school students have difficulty to solve simple math problems. Also one of the biggest problems of reforming the school systems is the fact that the number of child coming from disrupted families is rising.
Another reason for the school performance is that coming from broken homes, these kids are worried and connot concentrate in school, because they may work to help support their family. Although the simple cure to these major concerns is to return family values into our society. Nevertheless, eliminating poverty would seem the most reasonable way to fight crime and improve school performance, for with an increased standard of living. Ignoring these very real problems will doom not only these children but also our society.
Mind that the sample papers like Family Values. presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Comparision on ROmeo and Juliet with Summer of My German Soldier
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like Comparision on ROmeo and Juliet with Summer of My German Soldier even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like Comparision on ROmeo and Juliet with Summer of My German Soldier in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Many authors have been inspired by William Shakespeare one way or another.
Sometimes they may not realize it, but a reader can identify comparisons immediately
while reading their novels. In Romeo and Juliet, one of Shakespeare’s greatest works,
and Summer of my German Soldier by Bette Green, there are some comparisons between
characters. These characters share similar ideas, thoughts, and feelings. Romeo and Juliet
has three main characters who help each other in time of need. These characters are Friar
Lawrence, Romeo, and Juliet. In Summer of my German Soldier, these charcters are
Ruth, Patty, and Anton.
Friar Lawrence was a guide and mentor towards Romeo and Juliet. He helped
them in every way he possibly could. He preformed their marriage and gave generally
good advice to them. Friar Lawrence tried to unite Rome and Juliet to bring them to
eternal happiness. Although he believed that this marriage was not such a good idea, he
married them anyway because he loves Romeo dearly. Both Romeo and Juliet turn to
Friar Lawrence every time they need guidance. They do not turn to their parents because
they do not have as much confidence in them as they do towards Friar Lawrence. They
turned to him for their final major problem, Juliets marriage to Paris. Friar Lawrence,
shocked and in a hurry, give a solution that will forever change the course of their love
and lives. He proposes that Juliet take a vile which will make her appear dead. The
turnout to this plan was not exactly what everyone planned. Romeo did not recieve the
letter explaining this plan, therefore killing himself seconds before Juliet awakes. Juliet
kills herself after realizes Romeo is dead. They both have unite, in there after life.
Ruth is the motherly figure towards Patty. She is there to listen, help, and give
advice to Patty.
Mind that the sample papers like Comparision on ROmeo and Juliet with Summer of My German Soldier presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Many authors have been inspired by William Shakespeare one way or another.
Sometimes they may not realize it, but a reader can identify comparisons immediately
while reading their novels. In Romeo and Juliet, one of Shakespeare’s greatest works,
and Summer of my German Soldier by Bette Green, there are some comparisons between
characters. These characters share similar ideas, thoughts, and feelings. Romeo and Juliet
has three main characters who help each other in time of need. These characters are Friar
Lawrence, Romeo, and Juliet. In Summer of my German Soldier, these charcters are
Ruth, Patty, and Anton.
Friar Lawrence was a guide and mentor towards Romeo and Juliet. He helped
them in every way he possibly could. He preformed their marriage and gave generally
good advice to them. Friar Lawrence tried to unite Rome and Juliet to bring them to
eternal happiness. Although he believed that this marriage was not such a good idea, he
married them anyway because he loves Romeo dearly. Both Romeo and Juliet turn to
Friar Lawrence every time they need guidance. They do not turn to their parents because
they do not have as much confidence in them as they do towards Friar Lawrence. They
turned to him for their final major problem, Juliets marriage to Paris. Friar Lawrence,
shocked and in a hurry, give a solution that will forever change the course of their love
and lives. He proposes that Juliet take a vile which will make her appear dead. The
turnout to this plan was not exactly what everyone planned. Romeo did not recieve the
letter explaining this plan, therefore killing himself seconds before Juliet awakes. Juliet
kills herself after realizes Romeo is dead. They both have unite, in there after life.
Ruth is the motherly figure towards Patty. She is there to listen, help, and give
advice to Patty.
Mind that the sample papers like Comparision on ROmeo and Juliet with Summer of My German Soldier presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Christianity In Britain
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like Christianity In Britain even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like Christianity In Britain in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
1 Beginning of Christianity in Britain
We cannot know how or when Christianity first reached Britain, but it was certainly well before the 4th century when Christianity was accepted by Constantine (the Roman Emperor). It became firmly established across Britain, both in Roman-controlled areas and beyond, also in the Celtic areas.
In 57 Pope Gregory the Great sent a monk, Augustine, to re-establish Christianity in England. He was very successful in ruling (elite) circles but it was the Celtic Church which brought Christianity to the ordinary people of Britain. The Celtic bishops went from village to village teaching Christianity. As we can see, in the beginning there were two churches already but the Celtic Church retreated and the Roman Church became dominant.
England became Christian very quickly and Saxon kings helped the Church to grow, but the Church also increased the power of kings.
Struggle between Church and state
A long struggle began between Church and state in 1066 when William didn’t want to accept the pope as his feudal Lord. The Church wanted the King to accept its authority over both spiritual and earthly affairs, and the King wanted to gain authority over the Church.
The crisis came when Henry II’s friend Thomas Becket was appointed Archbishop of Canterbury in 116. Henry hoped that Thomas would help him bring the Church more under his control. But Becket refused and resisted the King. Henry was very angry and four knights went to Canterbury to murder Becket. They killed him in he holiest place in the cathedral, on the altar steps. All Christian Europe was shocked, and Thomas Becket became a saint of the Church. Henry was forced to ask the pope’s forgiveness ((and the pope used the event to take back some of the Church’s privileges)).
Christianity in the villages
However, the Church at local village level was significantly different from the politically powerful organisation. At the time of William I the ordinary village priest could hardly read at all, and he was usually one of the peasant community. His church belonged to the local lord. Almost all priests were married but the Church tried to prevent them from marrying. The attempt was pretty successful. At this time a lot of men and women entered the local monastery or nunnery because it was very difficult during this period to live on the land, and the monasteries were centres of wealth and education.
((The 1th century brought a new movement, the „brotherhood” of friars. These friars were wandering preachers. They were interested not in Church power and splendour, but in the souls of ordinary men and women. They lived with the poor and tried to bring the comfort of Christianity to them. They lived in contrast with the wealth and power of the monasteries and cathedrals, the local centres of the Church.))
4 Threats to the Church
In the 14th century discontent with the Church grew. The greed of the Church was one obvious reason for its unpopularity. The Church was a feudal power, and often treated people with as much cruelty as the nobles did.
Another threat to the Church during the 14th century was the spread of religious writings, which allowed people to pray and think independently of Church control and people felt encouraged to challenge the authority of the Church.
These writings were condemned as heresy . One of the religious leaders was John Wycliffe, an Oxford professor. He believed that everyone should read the Bible in English, so he translated it from Latin, finishing the work in 16. He was not allowed to publish his new Bible in England, and was forced to leave Oxford.
5 The beginning of the Anglican Church
Henry VIII
Until 154 Britain was a Roman Catholic country, but it changed during the reign of King Henry VIII. In 155 Henry decided to divorce his queen, Catherine of Aragon, but the Pope forbade it. Henry was so angry with the Pope that he ended all contact between England and Rome, divorced Catherine of Aragon without the Pope’s permission and married Anne Boleyn.
In 154 the Parliament named Henry head of the Church of England. This was the beginning of the Anglican Church. Henry’s break with Rome was purely political. He did not consider himself as a Protestant, he still believed in the Catholic faith executed Protestants who refused to accept it. He did not approve of the new ideas of Reformation (Martin Luther and John Calvin). So England became a Protestant country, even though the popular religion was still Catholic.
Mary and Elizabeth
In 155 Mary became Queen of England. (She was Henry’s daughter by Catherine of Aragon.) Because she was a Roman Catholic, the country re-entered the Roman Church. While Mary was Queen, many Protestants were burned at the stake for their beliefs. She also put her non-Roman Catholic sister, Elizabeth into prison in the tower of London. (She was the daughter of Henry and Anne Boleyn.) Because of Mary’s cruelty, Roman Catholicism became feared and hated in the country. Many people were glad when Mary died in 1558 and Elizabeth became Queen. Elizabeth also became head of the Anglican Church, like her father, and Roman Catholicism was never again the established (official) religion in England.
6 Puritanism
After Elizabeth became Queen, a group of Protestants wanted to ‘purify’ the Church of England of all Roman Catholic influence. These people were called Puritans - they were the English Protestants. They dressed very simply and believed that all pleasures, such as fine clothes and the theatre, were wicked. Under the rule of James I and Charles I the Puritans were often put in prison and sometimes even killed. Some of them decided to leave England to find freedom in a new country - in America. The Court was unpopular because it was suspected of being the centre of Roman Catholicism. This religious split between the puritans and the Court was one cause of the outbreak of civil war in 168 ((and the eventual execution of Charles I. Following this, from 164 to 1660, Britain was a republic for a short while.))
7 Nonconformist sects
The influence of Puritanism increased greatly during the 17th century. They persuaded James I to permit a new official („authorised”) translation of the Bible. It was published in 1611. This beautiful translation was a great work of English literature, and it encouraged Bible reading among all those who could read. Some of them understood the Bible in a new and revolutionary way. As a result, a number of new religious groups, or (Nonconformist) sects were formed, among them the two most important the Baptists and the Quakers. Both sects have survived and have had an important effect on the life of the nation. The Quakers became particularly famous for their reforming social work. These sects brought hope to many of the poor and the powerless.
It is interesting that thee revolution in religious thinking was happening at the same time as a revolution in scientific thinking.
18 The years of revolution - Society and religion
In the 18th century, in the time of the industrial revolution a new religious movement came. It was led by John Wesley. He was an Anglican priest, who travelled around the country preaching and teaching. In 178 Wesley had had a mystical experience. „I felt my heart strangely warmed”, he wrote afterwards, „I felt that I did trust in Christ, Christ alone for my salvation; and an assurance was given that he had taken my sins, even mine, and saves me from sin and death.” He travelled on horseback and preached in every village he came to. Very soon others joined in his work. But the Church was nervous of this powerful new movement, which it could not control, and in the end Wesley was forced to leave the Church of England and he started the Methodist Church. He certainly brought many people back to Christianity.
The Methodists were not alone. Other Christians also joined what became known as „the evangelical revival”, which was a return to simple faith based on the Bible. It was almost a reawakening of Puritanism, but this time with a social involvement rather than a political involvement.
There was a small group of Christians who were the first to act against slavery, while another group tried to limit the cruelty of employers who forced children to work long hours. The influence of these 18th-century movements continued.
1 The end of an age - Social and economic improvements
In the 1th century the authority of the Church was weakened. In the country, the village priest no longer had the power he had had a century earlier. Churches were now half empty, because so many people had gone to live in the towns, where they stopped going to church. This remains true today, when under 10 percent are regular churchgoers.
Spotlight Religion today
The Church of England - or the Anglican Church - is still the established church in England, and the British king or queen is still head of the Church.
I haven’t talked about Christianity in Scotland. In Scotland the Presbyterian Church (called the kirk) is the established church and it is completely separate from the Church of England. The Presbyterian Church is based on a strict form of Protestantism. It was taught by the French reformer, Calvin, and was brought to Scotland by John Knox.
Although there is complete religious freedom in Britain today, there is still tension between Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland, where religion is still caught up with politics.
Mind that the sample papers like Christianity In Britain presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
1 Beginning of Christianity in Britain
We cannot know how or when Christianity first reached Britain, but it was certainly well before the 4th century when Christianity was accepted by Constantine (the Roman Emperor). It became firmly established across Britain, both in Roman-controlled areas and beyond, also in the Celtic areas.
In 57 Pope Gregory the Great sent a monk, Augustine, to re-establish Christianity in England. He was very successful in ruling (elite) circles but it was the Celtic Church which brought Christianity to the ordinary people of Britain. The Celtic bishops went from village to village teaching Christianity. As we can see, in the beginning there were two churches already but the Celtic Church retreated and the Roman Church became dominant.
England became Christian very quickly and Saxon kings helped the Church to grow, but the Church also increased the power of kings.
Struggle between Church and state
A long struggle began between Church and state in 1066 when William didn’t want to accept the pope as his feudal Lord. The Church wanted the King to accept its authority over both spiritual and earthly affairs, and the King wanted to gain authority over the Church.
The crisis came when Henry II’s friend Thomas Becket was appointed Archbishop of Canterbury in 116. Henry hoped that Thomas would help him bring the Church more under his control. But Becket refused and resisted the King. Henry was very angry and four knights went to Canterbury to murder Becket. They killed him in he holiest place in the cathedral, on the altar steps. All Christian Europe was shocked, and Thomas Becket became a saint of the Church. Henry was forced to ask the pope’s forgiveness ((and the pope used the event to take back some of the Church’s privileges)).
Christianity in the villages
However, the Church at local village level was significantly different from the politically powerful organisation. At the time of William I the ordinary village priest could hardly read at all, and he was usually one of the peasant community. His church belonged to the local lord. Almost all priests were married but the Church tried to prevent them from marrying. The attempt was pretty successful. At this time a lot of men and women entered the local monastery or nunnery because it was very difficult during this period to live on the land, and the monasteries were centres of wealth and education.
((The 1th century brought a new movement, the „brotherhood” of friars. These friars were wandering preachers. They were interested not in Church power and splendour, but in the souls of ordinary men and women. They lived with the poor and tried to bring the comfort of Christianity to them. They lived in contrast with the wealth and power of the monasteries and cathedrals, the local centres of the Church.))
4 Threats to the Church
In the 14th century discontent with the Church grew. The greed of the Church was one obvious reason for its unpopularity. The Church was a feudal power, and often treated people with as much cruelty as the nobles did.
Another threat to the Church during the 14th century was the spread of religious writings, which allowed people to pray and think independently of Church control and people felt encouraged to challenge the authority of the Church.
These writings were condemned as heresy . One of the religious leaders was John Wycliffe, an Oxford professor. He believed that everyone should read the Bible in English, so he translated it from Latin, finishing the work in 16. He was not allowed to publish his new Bible in England, and was forced to leave Oxford.
5 The beginning of the Anglican Church
Henry VIII
Until 154 Britain was a Roman Catholic country, but it changed during the reign of King Henry VIII. In 155 Henry decided to divorce his queen, Catherine of Aragon, but the Pope forbade it. Henry was so angry with the Pope that he ended all contact between England and Rome, divorced Catherine of Aragon without the Pope’s permission and married Anne Boleyn.
In 154 the Parliament named Henry head of the Church of England. This was the beginning of the Anglican Church. Henry’s break with Rome was purely political. He did not consider himself as a Protestant, he still believed in the Catholic faith executed Protestants who refused to accept it. He did not approve of the new ideas of Reformation (Martin Luther and John Calvin). So England became a Protestant country, even though the popular religion was still Catholic.
Mary and Elizabeth
In 155 Mary became Queen of England. (She was Henry’s daughter by Catherine of Aragon.) Because she was a Roman Catholic, the country re-entered the Roman Church. While Mary was Queen, many Protestants were burned at the stake for their beliefs. She also put her non-Roman Catholic sister, Elizabeth into prison in the tower of London. (She was the daughter of Henry and Anne Boleyn.) Because of Mary’s cruelty, Roman Catholicism became feared and hated in the country. Many people were glad when Mary died in 1558 and Elizabeth became Queen. Elizabeth also became head of the Anglican Church, like her father, and Roman Catholicism was never again the established (official) religion in England.
6 Puritanism
After Elizabeth became Queen, a group of Protestants wanted to ‘purify’ the Church of England of all Roman Catholic influence. These people were called Puritans - they were the English Protestants. They dressed very simply and believed that all pleasures, such as fine clothes and the theatre, were wicked. Under the rule of James I and Charles I the Puritans were often put in prison and sometimes even killed. Some of them decided to leave England to find freedom in a new country - in America. The Court was unpopular because it was suspected of being the centre of Roman Catholicism. This religious split between the puritans and the Court was one cause of the outbreak of civil war in 168 ((and the eventual execution of Charles I. Following this, from 164 to 1660, Britain was a republic for a short while.))
7 Nonconformist sects
The influence of Puritanism increased greatly during the 17th century. They persuaded James I to permit a new official („authorised”) translation of the Bible. It was published in 1611. This beautiful translation was a great work of English literature, and it encouraged Bible reading among all those who could read. Some of them understood the Bible in a new and revolutionary way. As a result, a number of new religious groups, or (Nonconformist) sects were formed, among them the two most important the Baptists and the Quakers. Both sects have survived and have had an important effect on the life of the nation. The Quakers became particularly famous for their reforming social work. These sects brought hope to many of the poor and the powerless.
It is interesting that thee revolution in religious thinking was happening at the same time as a revolution in scientific thinking.
18 The years of revolution - Society and religion
In the 18th century, in the time of the industrial revolution a new religious movement came. It was led by John Wesley. He was an Anglican priest, who travelled around the country preaching and teaching. In 178 Wesley had had a mystical experience. „I felt my heart strangely warmed”, he wrote afterwards, „I felt that I did trust in Christ, Christ alone for my salvation; and an assurance was given that he had taken my sins, even mine, and saves me from sin and death.” He travelled on horseback and preached in every village he came to. Very soon others joined in his work. But the Church was nervous of this powerful new movement, which it could not control, and in the end Wesley was forced to leave the Church of England and he started the Methodist Church. He certainly brought many people back to Christianity.
The Methodists were not alone. Other Christians also joined what became known as „the evangelical revival”, which was a return to simple faith based on the Bible. It was almost a reawakening of Puritanism, but this time with a social involvement rather than a political involvement.
There was a small group of Christians who were the first to act against slavery, while another group tried to limit the cruelty of employers who forced children to work long hours. The influence of these 18th-century movements continued.
1 The end of an age - Social and economic improvements
In the 1th century the authority of the Church was weakened. In the country, the village priest no longer had the power he had had a century earlier. Churches were now half empty, because so many people had gone to live in the towns, where they stopped going to church. This remains true today, when under 10 percent are regular churchgoers.
Spotlight Religion today
The Church of England - or the Anglican Church - is still the established church in England, and the British king or queen is still head of the Church.
I haven’t talked about Christianity in Scotland. In Scotland the Presbyterian Church (called the kirk) is the established church and it is completely separate from the Church of England. The Presbyterian Church is based on a strict form of Protestantism. It was taught by the French reformer, Calvin, and was brought to Scotland by John Knox.
Although there is complete religious freedom in Britain today, there is still tension between Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland, where religion is still caught up with politics.
Mind that the sample papers like Christianity In Britain presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Alone by Edgar Allan Poe
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like Alone by Edgar Allan Poe even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like Alone by Edgar Allan Poe in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Edgar Allan Poe was born in 180, and died in 184. The actual cause of death is unknown. His obituary in the Baltimore Clipper said that he had died of congestion of the brain. One theory is that he died from Rabies, and another is that he died of an overdose. Alone, by Edgar Allan Poe was written in 180. When interpreting this poem, one would make an analysis about a part of the writer’s life and how he felt about an aspect of his own life. Many of Poe’s poetry is about personal experiences. There is not a hidden and a surface meaning when reading this poem. In the first verse of the poem it is clearly written that Poe has felt different from everyone else since his childhood. He does not see life as others did at that time. Poe seemed to feel an abundance of sadness to the point where even happiness was not an emotion to him, merely a word. It seems as though he found beauty in things that no one else did, and so he felt alone in a world that no one else was a part of; he felt different and misunderstood.
This poem was written when he was a young man, and so this poem could very well be about his adolescence and his not fitting into a society that was very much different from him. The verses “From the torrent, or the fountain, From the red cliff of a mountain, From the sun that round me rolled...,” can be symbolic for the moment when he began to feel rage and anger, but did not know why he felt this way. Red usually represents anger or passion, and torrent is obviously violent. The sun can represent light or burning heat, feelings that one may have when they become angry. Another reason I interpret this verse as emotions of rage and anger because in the last line he writes that while all of this was happening, he saw a cloud take the shape of a demon, when everyone else saw the sky as blue and “heavenly.” Poe knew that he was mentally unstable, but he did not know exactly why.” This poem evokes emotions of sadness and maybe loneliness, depending on the personality of the reader. It might even instill fear of being alone, of not being understood very well by others.
Edgar Allan Poe had a dark, disturbing, and somewhat twisted manner of writing. Some readers and critics consider his writing pessimistic. His writing also has a sense of honesty and sadness to it. Poe was a person who had many troubling experiences throughout his life. It seemed that all the women he loved ended up dying, and they all died from the same disease. Tuberculosis. To add to his misfortune, he was poor, didn’t have a stable job, and was an alcoholic. To escape from his saddened world, Poe drank and wrote short stories or poems with a pessimistic outlook. Having this dark attitude is what made Poe such a great and creative writer. Everything he was feeling he brought out in his work.
In this poem he writes more about life than about love, and incorporates nature a lot. He incorporates water, the sun, mountains, the sky. They can all be symbolic for emotions. Thunder and storm play a significant role in this poem when dealing with emotion. They may represent anger, sadness, sorrow and pain, the lack of clarity. The poem overall is about Poe being alone in the world because he was not how everyone else was “suppose to be. It also may have been a poem he wrote to release some of the emotion that he could not express to human beings verbally because he was already though of as crazy and abnormal. Maybe no one really knew that he felt that way inside and he did not want to let anyone know just exactly who he was. Perhaps he himself did not know exactly who he was, only that he felt anger and sorrow towards a world that everyone else seemed to find beautiful and fulfilling.
Mind that the sample papers like Alone by Edgar Allan Poe presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Edgar Allan Poe was born in 180, and died in 184. The actual cause of death is unknown. His obituary in the Baltimore Clipper said that he had died of congestion of the brain. One theory is that he died from Rabies, and another is that he died of an overdose. Alone, by Edgar Allan Poe was written in 180. When interpreting this poem, one would make an analysis about a part of the writer’s life and how he felt about an aspect of his own life. Many of Poe’s poetry is about personal experiences. There is not a hidden and a surface meaning when reading this poem. In the first verse of the poem it is clearly written that Poe has felt different from everyone else since his childhood. He does not see life as others did at that time. Poe seemed to feel an abundance of sadness to the point where even happiness was not an emotion to him, merely a word. It seems as though he found beauty in things that no one else did, and so he felt alone in a world that no one else was a part of; he felt different and misunderstood.
This poem was written when he was a young man, and so this poem could very well be about his adolescence and his not fitting into a society that was very much different from him. The verses “From the torrent, or the fountain, From the red cliff of a mountain, From the sun that round me rolled...,” can be symbolic for the moment when he began to feel rage and anger, but did not know why he felt this way. Red usually represents anger or passion, and torrent is obviously violent. The sun can represent light or burning heat, feelings that one may have when they become angry. Another reason I interpret this verse as emotions of rage and anger because in the last line he writes that while all of this was happening, he saw a cloud take the shape of a demon, when everyone else saw the sky as blue and “heavenly.” Poe knew that he was mentally unstable, but he did not know exactly why.” This poem evokes emotions of sadness and maybe loneliness, depending on the personality of the reader. It might even instill fear of being alone, of not being understood very well by others.
Edgar Allan Poe had a dark, disturbing, and somewhat twisted manner of writing. Some readers and critics consider his writing pessimistic. His writing also has a sense of honesty and sadness to it. Poe was a person who had many troubling experiences throughout his life. It seemed that all the women he loved ended up dying, and they all died from the same disease. Tuberculosis. To add to his misfortune, he was poor, didn’t have a stable job, and was an alcoholic. To escape from his saddened world, Poe drank and wrote short stories or poems with a pessimistic outlook. Having this dark attitude is what made Poe such a great and creative writer. Everything he was feeling he brought out in his work.
In this poem he writes more about life than about love, and incorporates nature a lot. He incorporates water, the sun, mountains, the sky. They can all be symbolic for emotions. Thunder and storm play a significant role in this poem when dealing with emotion. They may represent anger, sadness, sorrow and pain, the lack of clarity. The poem overall is about Poe being alone in the world because he was not how everyone else was “suppose to be. It also may have been a poem he wrote to release some of the emotion that he could not express to human beings verbally because he was already though of as crazy and abnormal. Maybe no one really knew that he felt that way inside and he did not want to let anyone know just exactly who he was. Perhaps he himself did not know exactly who he was, only that he felt anger and sorrow towards a world that everyone else seemed to find beautiful and fulfilling.
Mind that the sample papers like Alone by Edgar Allan Poe presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Thursday, July 12, 2012
"The Knight's Tale"
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like "The Knight's Tale" even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like "The Knight's Tale" in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
The Knight described through his own narrative in “The Knight’s Tale” is consistent with Chaucer’s satire of the “worthy Knight” described in the General Prologue. Through the Knight’s story, the reader is given insight into those ideals truly valued by the Knight, and is found to not exactly live up to the standards of the “ideal knight” which he is often assumed to embody. While the knight truly values the ideals of chivalry; including “Trouth and honour, freedom and curteisye,” through “The Knight’s Tale” one learns of his true passions for riches and fame, and excitement of combat; cravings which are masked by the knight’s “love and devotion to chivalry.” The reader also learns that the knight’s devotion to religion isn’t as pure and righteous as it might outwardly appear.
At the beginning of the knight’s story, he describes the Duke Theseus, who was the ruler of Athens and “so great a conqueror There were none mightier beneath the sun.” The Knight makes special note of Theseus’ “pennon of renown” that “Shone rich with gold” which he received for slaying the Minotaur in Crete. This description shows the knight’s interest in gold and riches, as well as the glory of battle. The Knight goes on to describe Theseus’ conquer on Creon, in which he “slew him manfully” and became a knight, showing again the Knight’s glorification of battle and merciless death. Later in his tale, the Knight describes the vow Arcite and Palamon agree to fight each other for the right to Emily. Arcite says to Palamon, “you are an honourable knight willing by battle to decide your claim,” glorifying this barbaric act through knightly values. The Knight describes the fight between the two, describing how “They fought till they were ankle-deep in blood,” comparing the two to vicious animals, and showing his own interest and approval of it. After Theseus arrives, he determines that he will spare their lives, and they will be able to battle for the hand of Emily in marriage. He describes, “To this I give my name, My faith and honour, as I am a knight, Whichever of you proves greater might…Can drive his foe to stake, or take his life, To him I shall give Emily to wife.” This decision shows how the knight’s brutality and love of battle is masked by his “duty” to uphold chivalry, faith, and honor.
To further show the Knight’s interest in riches and personal monetary success, the Knight gives an extremely long and detailed description of the kings who come to view the battle, and their riches. He describes the “gold chariot” that the King of Thrace rides in on, as well as his coat that “was bright with many precious stones of fiery light, with finest rubies and with diamonds.” He also describes all the possessions of Emetrius the Indian king, with his “saddle of new-beaten, burnished, gold” among many other riches. These detailed descriptions of valuable material possessions greatly contrasts the descriptions he makes in the rest of his narrative, and shows that the Knight’s true interests lie in material wealth. The Knight also greatly glorifies the battle between Arcite and Palamon, describing the nobility and righteousness of the ordeal. Also, after Arcite is mortally wounded after falling from his horse, the Knight says, “It was a jousting, just a tournament. Why should they be discouraged? After all, it’s only an accident to have a fall,” showing the Knight’s true lack of concern for death in battle his true interest only in the “glory” of the battle itself.
The Knight’s lack of religious devotion to the church, which he fights to supposedly defend, is shown to be quite obvious in his narrative. The Knight makes little or no mention at all of God’s influence in the events surrounding his tale, but rather directs the influence to that of the pagan Greek gods. In describing the imprisonment of Arcite and Palamon, it is described, “Fortune has given us this adversity, some wicked planetary dispension, some Saturn’s trick or evil constellation has given us this, and Heaven, though we had sworn the contrary, so stood when we were born.” This statement shows the Knight’s disbelief in God’s role in the events and fate of the universe; instead blaming the misfortunes on “wicked planetary dispensation” or a trick of the gods. Also, the Knight’s false faith in the Catholic religion is shone by his extensive descriptions of the temples of the Greek gods. He describes the statues and portraits of the gods, “glorious in majesty,” as creations erected in devotion to the gods, and whom the people entrust their fate in. The Knight describes that is the decision of the pagan gods that ultimately determines the fate of the two knights. The Knight’s lack or religiousness is proven when he describes the death of Arcite, telling, “His spirit changed its house and went away where I came from � where I cannot say, and so am silent. I am no divine. Souls are not mentioned in this tale of mine.” This statement shows the Knight’s lack of faith in the afterlife, and in his doubtfulness in the power of God; which is ironic because it is for God and his religion he supposedly fights valiantly for. This description of the Knight is again consistent with his description found in The General Prologue, where the Knight is described to fight on any side, solely for the thrill of the battle, without any regard to the purpose or religious affiliation of the people. Also, the Knight later describes after the Duke’s description of “The First Great Cause and Mover of all above”, “I need not quote authority or raise more proof than what experience can show,” which shows the reader the lack of faith in God the Knight possesses. The Knight does not believe in that which he has not seen himself, and that which he cannot prove from experience, showing his lack of faith.
Through “The Knight’s Tale,” the reader is given much insight into those ideals which are truly valued by the Knight. As one looks deeper, beyond the surface of the Knight’s strict code of chivalry and honor, his true motives for fighting and upholding chivalry are revealed. The Knight’s religion devotion, which he uses to mask his true love of riches and war, is proven to be very lacking, and only used as a cover-up by the Knight to appear admirable in his actions. Through his tale, the Knight’s falsehoods are truly revealed to the reader, and eventually become quite obvious.
Mind that the sample papers like "The Knight's Tale" presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
The Knight described through his own narrative in “The Knight’s Tale” is consistent with Chaucer’s satire of the “worthy Knight” described in the General Prologue. Through the Knight’s story, the reader is given insight into those ideals truly valued by the Knight, and is found to not exactly live up to the standards of the “ideal knight” which he is often assumed to embody. While the knight truly values the ideals of chivalry; including “Trouth and honour, freedom and curteisye,” through “The Knight’s Tale” one learns of his true passions for riches and fame, and excitement of combat; cravings which are masked by the knight’s “love and devotion to chivalry.” The reader also learns that the knight’s devotion to religion isn’t as pure and righteous as it might outwardly appear.
At the beginning of the knight’s story, he describes the Duke Theseus, who was the ruler of Athens and “so great a conqueror There were none mightier beneath the sun.” The Knight makes special note of Theseus’ “pennon of renown” that “Shone rich with gold” which he received for slaying the Minotaur in Crete. This description shows the knight’s interest in gold and riches, as well as the glory of battle. The Knight goes on to describe Theseus’ conquer on Creon, in which he “slew him manfully” and became a knight, showing again the Knight’s glorification of battle and merciless death. Later in his tale, the Knight describes the vow Arcite and Palamon agree to fight each other for the right to Emily. Arcite says to Palamon, “you are an honourable knight willing by battle to decide your claim,” glorifying this barbaric act through knightly values. The Knight describes the fight between the two, describing how “They fought till they were ankle-deep in blood,” comparing the two to vicious animals, and showing his own interest and approval of it. After Theseus arrives, he determines that he will spare their lives, and they will be able to battle for the hand of Emily in marriage. He describes, “To this I give my name, My faith and honour, as I am a knight, Whichever of you proves greater might…Can drive his foe to stake, or take his life, To him I shall give Emily to wife.” This decision shows how the knight’s brutality and love of battle is masked by his “duty” to uphold chivalry, faith, and honor.
To further show the Knight’s interest in riches and personal monetary success, the Knight gives an extremely long and detailed description of the kings who come to view the battle, and their riches. He describes the “gold chariot” that the King of Thrace rides in on, as well as his coat that “was bright with many precious stones of fiery light, with finest rubies and with diamonds.” He also describes all the possessions of Emetrius the Indian king, with his “saddle of new-beaten, burnished, gold” among many other riches. These detailed descriptions of valuable material possessions greatly contrasts the descriptions he makes in the rest of his narrative, and shows that the Knight’s true interests lie in material wealth. The Knight also greatly glorifies the battle between Arcite and Palamon, describing the nobility and righteousness of the ordeal. Also, after Arcite is mortally wounded after falling from his horse, the Knight says, “It was a jousting, just a tournament. Why should they be discouraged? After all, it’s only an accident to have a fall,” showing the Knight’s true lack of concern for death in battle his true interest only in the “glory” of the battle itself.
The Knight’s lack of religious devotion to the church, which he fights to supposedly defend, is shown to be quite obvious in his narrative. The Knight makes little or no mention at all of God’s influence in the events surrounding his tale, but rather directs the influence to that of the pagan Greek gods. In describing the imprisonment of Arcite and Palamon, it is described, “Fortune has given us this adversity, some wicked planetary dispension, some Saturn’s trick or evil constellation has given us this, and Heaven, though we had sworn the contrary, so stood when we were born.” This statement shows the Knight’s disbelief in God’s role in the events and fate of the universe; instead blaming the misfortunes on “wicked planetary dispensation” or a trick of the gods. Also, the Knight’s false faith in the Catholic religion is shone by his extensive descriptions of the temples of the Greek gods. He describes the statues and portraits of the gods, “glorious in majesty,” as creations erected in devotion to the gods, and whom the people entrust their fate in. The Knight describes that is the decision of the pagan gods that ultimately determines the fate of the two knights. The Knight’s lack or religiousness is proven when he describes the death of Arcite, telling, “His spirit changed its house and went away where I came from � where I cannot say, and so am silent. I am no divine. Souls are not mentioned in this tale of mine.” This statement shows the Knight’s lack of faith in the afterlife, and in his doubtfulness in the power of God; which is ironic because it is for God and his religion he supposedly fights valiantly for. This description of the Knight is again consistent with his description found in The General Prologue, where the Knight is described to fight on any side, solely for the thrill of the battle, without any regard to the purpose or religious affiliation of the people. Also, the Knight later describes after the Duke’s description of “The First Great Cause and Mover of all above”, “I need not quote authority or raise more proof than what experience can show,” which shows the reader the lack of faith in God the Knight possesses. The Knight does not believe in that which he has not seen himself, and that which he cannot prove from experience, showing his lack of faith.
Through “The Knight’s Tale,” the reader is given much insight into those ideals which are truly valued by the Knight. As one looks deeper, beyond the surface of the Knight’s strict code of chivalry and honor, his true motives for fighting and upholding chivalry are revealed. The Knight’s religion devotion, which he uses to mask his true love of riches and war, is proven to be very lacking, and only used as a cover-up by the Knight to appear admirable in his actions. Through his tale, the Knight’s falsehoods are truly revealed to the reader, and eventually become quite obvious.
Mind that the sample papers like "The Knight's Tale" presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
"A Soldiers Home"
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like "A Soldiers Home" even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like "A Soldiers Home" in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
“Soldier’s Home” A Classic for Everyone
When I decided to take an introductory course in literature, I had no idea that I knew so little about the subject. Being a student with an interest in psychology, it seemed only natural that I would find the stories, “A Sorrowful Woman,” “Soldier’s Home,” and “Bartleby, the Scrivener” of particular interest. Each of these works contains the same deep meaning, although not readily apparent. All concern the psychology of self-isolation.
Although all three stories share a somewhat common theme, “A Sorrowful Woman” seemed to exhibit a more complex use of symbols. This requires a more experienced reader in order to grasp every hidden meaning. Since my experience studying good literature is currently limited, this lessened my reading enjoyment. I found Ernest Hemingway’s classic “Soldier’s Home” to be the most interesting. Not only did I find the story fascinating, but it also contained just the right combination of simple and complex use of symbolism to make it an excellent learning experience. Hemingway’s style, along with his integration of plot, characters, and setting, can easily be recognized and identified with by amateurs such as I. His combination of third person omniscience and objective point of views gives the novice reader necessary details while allowing them to read between the lines.
Hemingway’s style sets a tone of loneliness and isolation by using short, stark sentences such as, “He did not want to leave Germany. He did not want to come home. Still, he had come home. He sat on the front porch” (154). The author also creates an ironic twist when he uses a setting that typically provides a warm and protective environment, in direct contrast to Krebs’ feelings of isolation. Hemingway’s use of more obvious symbols helps the amateur reader to recognize and appreciate the more subtle qualities of good literature. For instance, when Krebs’ sister Helen calls him Hare, the reader instinctively feels that Krebs is hiding like a scared rabbit from the expectations and attentions of his family and society.
In addition to his unique style, Hemingway utilizes a chronologically arranged plot, which is easier for an amateur critic to follow. He begins his story with an exposition that gives the reader a slight insight to the protagonist’s religious background and hints at his upbringing. It also includes a brief explanation of Krebs’ experience in WWI. The plot then continues through the months following the young soldier’s return from the war, describing his internal struggle with his war experiences and his return to a society and family that cannot understand his self-isolation.
The reader is exposed to the rising action of the plot as he/she is introduced to the secondary characters of the story. Like Krebs, Hemingway gives the mother a round character that reveals some thoughts and emotions as she caters to her son, timidly trying to persuade him to get on with his life. She seems to be the only link to the real world around him and she acts as a messenger for Krebs’ father who never actually makes an appearance in the story. This clever portrayal of the father’s extremely flat character emphasizes the fact that, “His father was noncommittal” (15). Krebs’ younger sister, Helen, is another flat character whose purpose is to expose Krebs’ vulnerable side. The lonely soldier’s attempts at socializing add to his feeling of isolation as he constantly seeks out entertainment that is typically nonsocial. For instance, the narrator tells us that Krebs spends his time, “ . . . walk[ing] downtown to the library to get a book, eating lunch at home, reading on the front porch . . .” (15). In fact, the only activities Krebs likes that may subject him to the presence of others is to play pool.
Throughout the story Krebs’ mother tries to draw him out of his shell, which leads the reader to the turning point when she confronts him about getting on with his life. The climax occurs when Krebs is talking with his mother. She asks him if he loves her and he says no, “ I don’t love anybody” (157). The reader is left with a sense of heartbreak. This sense of sadness is followed by the falling action of the plot when Hemingway reveals Krebs’ decision to leave home. Finally, the reader is led to the conclusion (the denouement) with the realization that Krebs internal conflict has not ended.
During every aspect of the story, Hemingway keeps the reader involved emotionally with his expertly organized plot, subtle (yet recognizable) use of symbols, and his use of characters that any reader can identify with. Not only is “A Soldier’s Home” a pleasant reading experience, it also provides a bit of challenge to the less seasoned reader of literature. Hemingway’s unique use of all these elements creates a more enjoyable reading experience than does “A Sorrowful Woman”.
Mind that the sample papers like "A Soldiers Home" presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
“Soldier’s Home” A Classic for Everyone
When I decided to take an introductory course in literature, I had no idea that I knew so little about the subject. Being a student with an interest in psychology, it seemed only natural that I would find the stories, “A Sorrowful Woman,” “Soldier’s Home,” and “Bartleby, the Scrivener” of particular interest. Each of these works contains the same deep meaning, although not readily apparent. All concern the psychology of self-isolation.
Although all three stories share a somewhat common theme, “A Sorrowful Woman” seemed to exhibit a more complex use of symbols. This requires a more experienced reader in order to grasp every hidden meaning. Since my experience studying good literature is currently limited, this lessened my reading enjoyment. I found Ernest Hemingway’s classic “Soldier’s Home” to be the most interesting. Not only did I find the story fascinating, but it also contained just the right combination of simple and complex use of symbolism to make it an excellent learning experience. Hemingway’s style, along with his integration of plot, characters, and setting, can easily be recognized and identified with by amateurs such as I. His combination of third person omniscience and objective point of views gives the novice reader necessary details while allowing them to read between the lines.
Hemingway’s style sets a tone of loneliness and isolation by using short, stark sentences such as, “He did not want to leave Germany. He did not want to come home. Still, he had come home. He sat on the front porch” (154). The author also creates an ironic twist when he uses a setting that typically provides a warm and protective environment, in direct contrast to Krebs’ feelings of isolation. Hemingway’s use of more obvious symbols helps the amateur reader to recognize and appreciate the more subtle qualities of good literature. For instance, when Krebs’ sister Helen calls him Hare, the reader instinctively feels that Krebs is hiding like a scared rabbit from the expectations and attentions of his family and society.
In addition to his unique style, Hemingway utilizes a chronologically arranged plot, which is easier for an amateur critic to follow. He begins his story with an exposition that gives the reader a slight insight to the protagonist’s religious background and hints at his upbringing. It also includes a brief explanation of Krebs’ experience in WWI. The plot then continues through the months following the young soldier’s return from the war, describing his internal struggle with his war experiences and his return to a society and family that cannot understand his self-isolation.
The reader is exposed to the rising action of the plot as he/she is introduced to the secondary characters of the story. Like Krebs, Hemingway gives the mother a round character that reveals some thoughts and emotions as she caters to her son, timidly trying to persuade him to get on with his life. She seems to be the only link to the real world around him and she acts as a messenger for Krebs’ father who never actually makes an appearance in the story. This clever portrayal of the father’s extremely flat character emphasizes the fact that, “His father was noncommittal” (15). Krebs’ younger sister, Helen, is another flat character whose purpose is to expose Krebs’ vulnerable side. The lonely soldier’s attempts at socializing add to his feeling of isolation as he constantly seeks out entertainment that is typically nonsocial. For instance, the narrator tells us that Krebs spends his time, “ . . . walk[ing] downtown to the library to get a book, eating lunch at home, reading on the front porch . . .” (15). In fact, the only activities Krebs likes that may subject him to the presence of others is to play pool.
Throughout the story Krebs’ mother tries to draw him out of his shell, which leads the reader to the turning point when she confronts him about getting on with his life. The climax occurs when Krebs is talking with his mother. She asks him if he loves her and he says no, “ I don’t love anybody” (157). The reader is left with a sense of heartbreak. This sense of sadness is followed by the falling action of the plot when Hemingway reveals Krebs’ decision to leave home. Finally, the reader is led to the conclusion (the denouement) with the realization that Krebs internal conflict has not ended.
During every aspect of the story, Hemingway keeps the reader involved emotionally with his expertly organized plot, subtle (yet recognizable) use of symbols, and his use of characters that any reader can identify with. Not only is “A Soldier’s Home” a pleasant reading experience, it also provides a bit of challenge to the less seasoned reader of literature. Hemingway’s unique use of all these elements creates a more enjoyable reading experience than does “A Sorrowful Woman”.
Mind that the sample papers like "A Soldiers Home" presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
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