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The original Phillips curve paper covered business cycles from 1861 to 157. Given that this period predates most of the debate between the monetarists and Keynesians as well as the modern era where central bank policy has GDP stabilization as a goal, it is not entirely surprising that fitting the post-157 data has proven more complicated. In fact, the Phillips curve is one of those cases where belief in an economic idea is so appealing that it survives despite contradictory factual evidence. In some views, when the data does not fit a single Phillips curve, that is simply evidence that the curve has shifted. After looking at the data to the left, you can form your own opinion.
The original Phillips curve paper covered business cycles from 1861 to 157. Given that this period predates most of the debate between the monetarists and Keynesians as well as the modern era where central bank policy has GDP stabilization as a goal, it is not entirely surprising that fitting the post-157 data has proven more complicated. In fact, the Phillips curve is one of those cases where belief in an economic idea is so appealing that it survives despite contradictory factual evidence. In some views, when the data does not fit a single Phillips curve, that is simply evidence that the curve has shifted. After looking at the data to the left, you can form your own opinion.The way your question is worded ¡°Is it possible to have uninflationary employment-generating growth? and if ever, is it a sustainable condition?¡± makes me suspect youve gbeen taught growth causes inflation. That is abolsutely not true.
The short answer yes it is possible and it happens all the time. Growth does not cause inflation. Inflation causes inflationary growth. Increased productivity causes real growth. But since both forms of growth occur simutaneously and are measured as increased demand and higher prices it is difficult for the FED (or anyone else) to distinguish between the two as they happen and sometimes for years to come.
Growth does not cause inflation (in fact growth tends to cure inflation but the wording and mechanism are tricky).
Prices increase for many reasons but not all price increases are inflation. By definition price increases caused by an ¡°excess¡± money supply are inflationary price increases, or as Milton Friedman once put it ¡°all inflation is monetary all the time and everywhere,¡± (that¡¯s an approximate quote).
Inflationary growth Economists measure the economy as the GDP and the GDP is spending. Imagine that you are an engineer and out of every paycheck you put $00 into a money market account (which is where much of the money in checking accounts winds up). Now imagine that an ¡°excess¡± in money market account balances across America causes your bank to lower the interest rate you¡¯re getting. Remember this is a temporary excess and not one that ¡°should¡± have happened. Upset at the lower interest rate you withdraw most of your account and spend the money on a new computer. That increase in demand for computers is repeated all across America driving up the number of computers sold, the number of people working in the computer sales industry and the price of computers. BTW prices are also increasing across a whole spectrum of goods and services in the same fashion and your REAL take-home pay becomes lower as a result. VIOLA ¡°excess¡± money supply caused growth and commensurate price increases inflation.
But since so many people withdrew money from their checking accounts the money supply returned to normal, interest rates are raised again. You regret buying the computer, you certainly don¡¯t buy another one next month, prices drop and unemployment follows. VIOLA a monetary (inflationary) trade cycle. Boom to bust.
Real (non-inflationary) Growth Now imagine that instead, you become a better engineer, or perhaps your company becomes a better company, or taxes are lowered, or perhaps technology improves. Whatever the cause, it is a REAL improvement in your productivity and you get a pay increase. Similar improvements, slowly over time happen throughout the economy. You use your pay increase to buy a computer and so do thousands like you. Now there is new demand for computers, higher prices for computers and more employment in the computer sales
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Tuesday, July 31, 2012
Saturday, July 28, 2012
Fitting In
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As, a child I was overweight, and as a result I was criticized by my fellow pears. However, this wasn’t the kind of criticism that would enable me to go in to a state of an emotional break down. I would laugh, depending on how light the remark would be, or I would show anger through verbal rage if I was embarrassed in front of a group of people, while this person would make the remark. This person could be one of family, friends or even enemies that would engage in these remarks as I was growing up as a child. I also was born bow-legged, which is normal in many births. However, I didn’t notice it until other people noticed it in my elementary days of life. As a result, I would be mocked, and questioned of my walk. The mockery I experience caused me to display anger when mocked, and questioned if I was a ‘normal’ kid, because of the way I walked. Even though my anger has become minimal, and my emotions declined, the experiences I went through as a child has mad me become sensitive to negative criticism. The sensitivity in most situations, whether it’ll be at home, school, or church, is still present inside, when engaged. Depending on the situation, people who are closest to me see this characteristic the most.
According to the Learning perspective, the environment and the experience I went through had an impact on my actions. When I was young, I was never taught to physically or verbally fight back at anyone who put me down. Therefore, when growing up, I took all the criticism in. By letting it all in meant that my emotions and my anger just accumulated until I no longer accepted it. That’s when I entered the state of offense � attacking anyone who tries to enter my territory the wrong way. To break down my experience in steps it would be as follows my personality, coping with others, reaction. According to Dr. Kevin Leman, I fitted under the category of Melancholies. I am a person who wants to do things the right way. I put a lot of emotional energy into getting something done correctly. I have a strong emotional attachment to stability, and my need of getting something done right often translates into a need for space, silence, and sensitivity. I am respectful, sensitive, and interpersonal. To think of all these characteristics, I would have been one of those kids who fitted in � and I did! But as the years progressed in elementary school, the critical marks had a big impact on me. The remarks made me more sensitive, and more bitter to people, and especially self-conscious. In the learning perspective, the psychologists would have assessed me through a variety of conditioning. In a testing I would be put through operant conditioning to see how I respond under different circumstances. I believe I would be put through positive reinforcement. Therefore, I would be put through a reinforcing stimulus, such as a remark would help me to respond to the criticism I had. Therefore, when criticism would happen in the future, I would handle it in a different matter, enabling me to motivate myself, and be more confident about myself.
According to the Sociocultural perspective, social and cultural forces had an affect on my behavior. In the social perspective, my peers, my family who I affiliated with influenced my behavior. Depending on who I associated with at different times, I would receive different remarks. This can account for the social perspective of this theory � my behavior was altered due to the different kind of characteristics by people I affiliated with. I had no problem with people who accepted me for who I was. However, when I started to get negative remarks based on my appearance, it lowered my self esteem; therefore, I developed a degree of sensitive to any critical remark. My family also had an affect on my behavior. My siblings who displayed love - however at times that we argued, remarks about my weight, or appearance would be brought up, out of anger that is. Even though I knew it wasn’t said on purpose, I absorbed it, and those remarks were accumulated and embedded in my mind. My mother and father were encouraging as usual, but at times my father would encourage me to lose weight � bluntly. This also affected me, and made me more sensitive to remarks based on my appearance. According to the social part of this perspective, I went through a lot of dispositional attribution because my actions were influenced by those around me. In a cultural point a view, the way I reacted to criticism is probably due to how I was raised by my parents. If this is the case, then my parents did not motivate me enough to stand up against others, believe in myself when criticized, and most importantly disregard the critical remarks and proceed in life. According to Dr. Kevin Leman, the little boy I use to be, I still am. That is partially true � I still have the sensitivities to remarks, but my characteristics as a whole individual has changed due to maturity.
I really don’t agree with the interpretations that I have just met according to perspectives. They are just theories, they are merely assumptions on my behaviors. I think the reason why my childhood experience went the way it did is because I allowed it to. I control my actions and my reactions to remarks; therefore if I had controlled how I felt, and not allowed it to get to me so often, I would have been a stronger individual then and, today handling situations completely different. I believe that sitting on my past won’t allow me to proceed into the future. Certain characteristics and traits of mine can be controlled, thus, altering how I react to different situations. I believe as time goes on, I will have the ability to overcome sensitivity to remarks due to constant self motivation and open discussions with ones who I am close with.
Mind that the sample papers like Fitting In presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
As, a child I was overweight, and as a result I was criticized by my fellow pears. However, this wasn’t the kind of criticism that would enable me to go in to a state of an emotional break down. I would laugh, depending on how light the remark would be, or I would show anger through verbal rage if I was embarrassed in front of a group of people, while this person would make the remark. This person could be one of family, friends or even enemies that would engage in these remarks as I was growing up as a child. I also was born bow-legged, which is normal in many births. However, I didn’t notice it until other people noticed it in my elementary days of life. As a result, I would be mocked, and questioned of my walk. The mockery I experience caused me to display anger when mocked, and questioned if I was a ‘normal’ kid, because of the way I walked. Even though my anger has become minimal, and my emotions declined, the experiences I went through as a child has mad me become sensitive to negative criticism. The sensitivity in most situations, whether it’ll be at home, school, or church, is still present inside, when engaged. Depending on the situation, people who are closest to me see this characteristic the most.
According to the Learning perspective, the environment and the experience I went through had an impact on my actions. When I was young, I was never taught to physically or verbally fight back at anyone who put me down. Therefore, when growing up, I took all the criticism in. By letting it all in meant that my emotions and my anger just accumulated until I no longer accepted it. That’s when I entered the state of offense � attacking anyone who tries to enter my territory the wrong way. To break down my experience in steps it would be as follows my personality, coping with others, reaction. According to Dr. Kevin Leman, I fitted under the category of Melancholies. I am a person who wants to do things the right way. I put a lot of emotional energy into getting something done correctly. I have a strong emotional attachment to stability, and my need of getting something done right often translates into a need for space, silence, and sensitivity. I am respectful, sensitive, and interpersonal. To think of all these characteristics, I would have been one of those kids who fitted in � and I did! But as the years progressed in elementary school, the critical marks had a big impact on me. The remarks made me more sensitive, and more bitter to people, and especially self-conscious. In the learning perspective, the psychologists would have assessed me through a variety of conditioning. In a testing I would be put through operant conditioning to see how I respond under different circumstances. I believe I would be put through positive reinforcement. Therefore, I would be put through a reinforcing stimulus, such as a remark would help me to respond to the criticism I had. Therefore, when criticism would happen in the future, I would handle it in a different matter, enabling me to motivate myself, and be more confident about myself.
According to the Sociocultural perspective, social and cultural forces had an affect on my behavior. In the social perspective, my peers, my family who I affiliated with influenced my behavior. Depending on who I associated with at different times, I would receive different remarks. This can account for the social perspective of this theory � my behavior was altered due to the different kind of characteristics by people I affiliated with. I had no problem with people who accepted me for who I was. However, when I started to get negative remarks based on my appearance, it lowered my self esteem; therefore, I developed a degree of sensitive to any critical remark. My family also had an affect on my behavior. My siblings who displayed love - however at times that we argued, remarks about my weight, or appearance would be brought up, out of anger that is. Even though I knew it wasn’t said on purpose, I absorbed it, and those remarks were accumulated and embedded in my mind. My mother and father were encouraging as usual, but at times my father would encourage me to lose weight � bluntly. This also affected me, and made me more sensitive to remarks based on my appearance. According to the social part of this perspective, I went through a lot of dispositional attribution because my actions were influenced by those around me. In a cultural point a view, the way I reacted to criticism is probably due to how I was raised by my parents. If this is the case, then my parents did not motivate me enough to stand up against others, believe in myself when criticized, and most importantly disregard the critical remarks and proceed in life. According to Dr. Kevin Leman, the little boy I use to be, I still am. That is partially true � I still have the sensitivities to remarks, but my characteristics as a whole individual has changed due to maturity.
I really don’t agree with the interpretations that I have just met according to perspectives. They are just theories, they are merely assumptions on my behaviors. I think the reason why my childhood experience went the way it did is because I allowed it to. I control my actions and my reactions to remarks; therefore if I had controlled how I felt, and not allowed it to get to me so often, I would have been a stronger individual then and, today handling situations completely different. I believe that sitting on my past won’t allow me to proceed into the future. Certain characteristics and traits of mine can be controlled, thus, altering how I react to different situations. I believe as time goes on, I will have the ability to overcome sensitivity to remarks due to constant self motivation and open discussions with ones who I am close with.
Mind that the sample papers like Fitting In presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Tuesday, July 24, 2012
ESSAY ON CLOSE TO THE BONE BY ROBERTA SEID
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like ESSAY ON CLOSE TO THE BONE BY ROBERTA SEID even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like ESSAY ON CLOSE TO THE BONE BY ROBERTA SEID in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
In her article Too ‘Close to the Bone’ The Historical Context for Women’s Obsession with Slenderness, Roberta Seid, a lecturer at the University of Southern California, examines what she calls the historical context, as well as the negative effects, of society’s ideal of slenderness. Seid main point in the article is that the current ideal body size of society is much too thin to be healthy. While Seid does have a well founded belief, her use of logical fallacies and a few extreme views may
In her article Too ‘Close to the Bone’ The Historical Context for Women’s Obsession with Slenderness, Roberta Seid, a lecturer at the University of Southern California, examines what she calls the historical context, as well as the negative effects, of society’s ideal of slenderness. Seid main point in the article is that the current ideal body size of society is much too thin to be healthy. While Seid does have a well founded belief, her use of logical fallacies and a few extreme views may
Views of sales leadership Leader member exchange sales manager interact with individual sales people rather than processing one style or set of behaviors to be use in standardize situations. One study found that the higher the quality of exchange relationship between sales person and sales manager, the greater the sales person’s goal commitment and ultimately performance. TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP they provide intellectual simulation, often by showing the employees new ways of thinking or completing tasks. Another aspect of of transformational leadership is individualized consideration, through which employees are given personalize attention, it can also influence sales people to perform avobe and beyond the call duty. BEHAVIORAL SALES MANAGEMENT involves self imposed planning, behavior, evaluation, rewards, and punishment. The advantages are many people works without constant supervision, so self-control and self dicipline are important for success. Second, individuals usually work more enthusiastically when they have had significant input into planning and prioritizing their work
Mind that the sample papers like ESSAY ON CLOSE TO THE BONE BY ROBERTA SEID presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
In her article Too ‘Close to the Bone’ The Historical Context for Women’s Obsession with Slenderness, Roberta Seid, a lecturer at the University of Southern California, examines what she calls the historical context, as well as the negative effects, of society’s ideal of slenderness. Seid main point in the article is that the current ideal body size of society is much too thin to be healthy. While Seid does have a well founded belief, her use of logical fallacies and a few extreme views may
In her article Too ‘Close to the Bone’ The Historical Context for Women’s Obsession with Slenderness, Roberta Seid, a lecturer at the University of Southern California, examines what she calls the historical context, as well as the negative effects, of society’s ideal of slenderness. Seid main point in the article is that the current ideal body size of society is much too thin to be healthy. While Seid does have a well founded belief, her use of logical fallacies and a few extreme views may
Views of sales leadership Leader member exchange sales manager interact with individual sales people rather than processing one style or set of behaviors to be use in standardize situations. One study found that the higher the quality of exchange relationship between sales person and sales manager, the greater the sales person’s goal commitment and ultimately performance. TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP they provide intellectual simulation, often by showing the employees new ways of thinking or completing tasks. Another aspect of of transformational leadership is individualized consideration, through which employees are given personalize attention, it can also influence sales people to perform avobe and beyond the call duty. BEHAVIORAL SALES MANAGEMENT involves self imposed planning, behavior, evaluation, rewards, and punishment. The advantages are many people works without constant supervision, so self-control and self dicipline are important for success. Second, individuals usually work more enthusiastically when they have had significant input into planning and prioritizing their work
Mind that the sample papers like ESSAY ON CLOSE TO THE BONE BY ROBERTA SEID presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Monday, July 23, 2012
df
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like df even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like df in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
B. There are two sides to genetic engineering in medicine. On the plus side, genetic engineering helps to cure diseases like cancer by replacing defective genes with healthy, appropriate ones. Secondly, we can clone organs for people who need them. Third, we can use genetic engineering to produce drugs that prevent tumors by depriving them of the blood vessels they need to grow. Fourth, we can prevent rheumatoid arthritis with bone marrow transplants. Finally, we can increase milk production by giving the cows genetically engineered drugs. On the negative side, gene therapy that was in its early research stages, has caused death. Secondly, patients that are in relatively good health could suffer permanent damage. Thirdly, because genetic engineering is still new, occasional unexpected side effects, including death, occur. For example, when looking to remove the ACC enzyme from mice, allowed the mice to lose weight while eating more. However, several of the mice that lacked the related ACC1 died as embryos. B. There are two sides to genetic engineering in medicine. On the plus side, genetic engineering helps to cure diseases like cancer by replacing defective genes with healthy, appropriate ones. Secondly, we can clone organs for people who need them. Third, we can use genetic engineering to produce drugs that prevent tumors by depriving them of the blood vessels they need to grow. Fourth, we can prevent rheumatoid arthritis with bone marrow transplants. Finally, we can increase milk production by giving the cows genetically engineered drugs. On the negative side, gene therapy that was in its early research stages, has caused death. Secondly, patients that are in relatively good health could suffer permanent damage. Thirdly, because genetic engineering is still new, occasional unexpected side effects, including death, occur. For example, when looking to remove the ACC enzyme from mice, allowed the mice to lose weight while eating more. However, several of the mice that lacked the related ACC1 died as embryos. B. There are two sides to genetic engineering in medicine. On the plus side, genetic engineering helps to cure diseases like cancer by replacing defective genes with healthy, appropriate ones. Secondly, we can clone organs for people who need them. Third, we can use genetic engineering to produce drugs that prevent tumors by depriving them of the blood vessels they need to grow. Fourth, we can prevent rheumatoid arthritis with bone marrow transplants. Finally, we can increase milk production by giving the cows genetically engineered drugs. On the negative side, gene therapy that was in its early research stages, has caused death. Secondly, patients that are in relatively good health could suffer permanent damage. Thirdly, because genetic engineering is still new, occasional unexpected side effects, including death, occur. For example, when looking to remove the ACC enzyme from mice, allowed the mice to lose weight while eating more. However, several of the mice that lacked the related ACC1 died as embryos.
Mind that the sample papers like df presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
B. There are two sides to genetic engineering in medicine. On the plus side, genetic engineering helps to cure diseases like cancer by replacing defective genes with healthy, appropriate ones. Secondly, we can clone organs for people who need them. Third, we can use genetic engineering to produce drugs that prevent tumors by depriving them of the blood vessels they need to grow. Fourth, we can prevent rheumatoid arthritis with bone marrow transplants. Finally, we can increase milk production by giving the cows genetically engineered drugs. On the negative side, gene therapy that was in its early research stages, has caused death. Secondly, patients that are in relatively good health could suffer permanent damage. Thirdly, because genetic engineering is still new, occasional unexpected side effects, including death, occur. For example, when looking to remove the ACC enzyme from mice, allowed the mice to lose weight while eating more. However, several of the mice that lacked the related ACC1 died as embryos. B. There are two sides to genetic engineering in medicine. On the plus side, genetic engineering helps to cure diseases like cancer by replacing defective genes with healthy, appropriate ones. Secondly, we can clone organs for people who need them. Third, we can use genetic engineering to produce drugs that prevent tumors by depriving them of the blood vessels they need to grow. Fourth, we can prevent rheumatoid arthritis with bone marrow transplants. Finally, we can increase milk production by giving the cows genetically engineered drugs. On the negative side, gene therapy that was in its early research stages, has caused death. Secondly, patients that are in relatively good health could suffer permanent damage. Thirdly, because genetic engineering is still new, occasional unexpected side effects, including death, occur. For example, when looking to remove the ACC enzyme from mice, allowed the mice to lose weight while eating more. However, several of the mice that lacked the related ACC1 died as embryos. B. There are two sides to genetic engineering in medicine. On the plus side, genetic engineering helps to cure diseases like cancer by replacing defective genes with healthy, appropriate ones. Secondly, we can clone organs for people who need them. Third, we can use genetic engineering to produce drugs that prevent tumors by depriving them of the blood vessels they need to grow. Fourth, we can prevent rheumatoid arthritis with bone marrow transplants. Finally, we can increase milk production by giving the cows genetically engineered drugs. On the negative side, gene therapy that was in its early research stages, has caused death. Secondly, patients that are in relatively good health could suffer permanent damage. Thirdly, because genetic engineering is still new, occasional unexpected side effects, including death, occur. For example, when looking to remove the ACC enzyme from mice, allowed the mice to lose weight while eating more. However, several of the mice that lacked the related ACC1 died as embryos.
Mind that the sample papers like df presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Saturday, July 21, 2012
Characterisation of Animal Farm - Final Foilo Peice
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like Characterisation of Animal Farm - Final Foilo Peice even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like Characterisation of Animal Farm - Final Foilo Peice in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
The book “Animal Farm” is a very famous political allegory written by George Orwell and first published in 145. The characters, setting and plot of Animal Farm are an allegory of the Russian revolution of 117 and the subsequent years of Stalins’ totalitarian regime. In this short novel, the author tells a story where animals are used to characterize human behaviour.
In this essay, I will discuss and explain the role of two chosen characters and also compare their behaviour with the human types they represent.
The book is about the animals of “Manor Farm”, later called Animal Farm, who want their freedom. They rebel against Jones (the owner of the farm) and throw him out. At first Jones tries to get his farm back, but he soon gives up. The animals are so happy, to start with. Then the animals want to adopt a leader. There are only two animals (both pigs) that really want to be leader and they are Snowball and Napoleon. At first they try to work together co-operatively but this does not work. Just one of the animals must be chosen as leader. Snowball was the favourite among the animals to adopt the role of leader partly because of his honesty and kindness. Napoleon frequently lies and cheats and wants to control the other animals. He chases Snowball away with the help of his hand-reared dogs. He then tells the animals that Snowball was a spy and a traitor. All the animals believe his story, but it is not true.
The animals begin their new lives in “Animal Farm” with their new leader Napoleon. At first everyone is happy, but Napoleon is a bad leader and things go downhill for the animals. Napoleon gradually changes the rules so they only benefit him. The animal’s quality of life rapidly deteriorates until it is no better (if not worse) than it was in the days when Jones ruled the farm.
The main characters in this novel are Snowball, who is Napoleon’s enemy and the good pig, Napoleon, who is appointed leader, Squealer, who is Napoleons helper and messenger and Boxer, who is a hardworking and loyal carthorse. Other characters include Clover, who is Boxers lady friend, Benjamin, who is an old and wise donkey and Mollie, who is a very fashion conscious mare.
The two characters I have chosen to write about are Napoleon, the leader and Boxer the carthorse.
Boxer is an extremely loyal character. His loyalty is shown throughout the whole story. When Boxer accepts Napoleon as the leader, he is prepared to follow him without questioning. This is illustrated in one of the mottoes he adopts, which is,
“Napoleon is always right”
Boxers’ deep loyalty and gullibility easily allows him to be deceived. For example, Squealer, instructed by Napoleon, got Boxer to believe that Snowball was Jones’ “secret agent” all along. This is all a bunch of lies but Boxer easily believes them. Whilst loyalty is an admirable quality, the way Boxer blindly follows his leader ends up being quite destructive.
Boxer is by no means the smartest of animals, in-fact he is quite dumb. He only properly knows four letters of the alphabet A, B, C and D.
“Boxer could not get beyond the letter D. He would trace out A, B, C, D in the dust with his great hoof… On several occasions, indeed, he did learn E, F, G, H but by the time he knew them he had forgotten A, B, C, D”
Boxer is dumb but decent and devoted to trying his best. Boxer isn’t the dumbest animal on the farm, if you compare him to the sheep he’s quite smart.
The fact that Boxer is loyal but not very bright proves to be a dangerous combination. It is easy for Napoleon to take advantage of him.
Boxer is very hardworking; his answer to every set back was…
“I will work harder” Boxer adopted this saying as his personal motto. Boxer enjoys working very much, partly because he was very good at it. Boxer’s strength makes work easier for him. Boxer is huge, compared with most of the other animals.
The size and strength of Boxer was colossal. His huge muscles and sheer strength made Boxer the natural choice to do all the tough work.
“Nothing could have been achieved without Boxer, whose strength seemed equal to that of all of the rest of the animals put together.”
Boxer’s power benefited all the animals, as this quote shows;
“[They got] everything done quicker with Boxer on their side.”
Not only was Boxer loyal and a bit dumb but he was also he very strong. So Boxers’ hard work under Napoleons’ leadership was actually used to support a corrupt regime.
Boxer has good relationships with all the animals, in-fact all the animals admire him.
“Boxer was that admiration of everybody.” This is quite true; the animals mainly admired him for his big muscles and power. But others like Benjamin the donkey, admired him for who he is. “Benjamin, nevertheless, without openly admitting it, was attached to Boxer.”
Clover is also devoted to Boxer and in the same way Boxer has a soft spot for Clover.
Both Benjamin and Clover cared for Boxer when he was ill. Boxer thought that hard work was the solution for everything and he nearly worked himself to death.
Boxers’ great power mixed with his devotion and not to mention loving personality encourages the reader to have a soft spot for him. We are very sad when Boxer is hurt. The most heart rendering part of the novel is when Boxer collapses and is sent to the slaughterhouse.
Altogether Boxer is loyal, hardworking, strong, honest and incorruptible, like every person should be, as with most people, there is usually a weakness. In Boxers’ case he is very gullible and he is easily conned into believing lies and obeying rules.
Boxers’ weakness is that he is not very educated, rather dumb and very trusting. It is easy for Napoleon and the other pigs to take advantage of Boxer because of his lack of intelligence and limited education. He is unable to think things through for himself. He has the physical strength of an army and the devotion and loyalty to follow orders and see a task through, yet his power is sadly used for destruction.
In the allegory “Animal Farm”, Boxer, the overworked, incredibly strong, dumb horse represents the common worker in Russia. He is a member of the ignorant working class, who is manipulated and exploited. Boxer can be seen as the victim. He gives his life for the cause, in this case animalism, without realising the corrupt nature of the regime, which he has been working for. Boxers’ character also represents the stereotype of the obedient and courageous soldier who obeys his masters’ every command without questioning it.
Napoleon could not be more different in behaviour from Boxer. He behaves like a fierce dictator who is only interested in his own needs and desires. He constantly changes the rules to suit his selfish purposes. For example, Napoleon changes the commandment “No animal shall drink” to “No animal shall drink in excess” when he wants to justify his own drinking.
Napoleon eventually becomes the new leader of “Manor Farm”, but in order to become leader, Napoleon cheats and makes up lies about his honest rival Snowball. Once Napoleon has control of the farm he wants a life of luxury. He changes all the original rules, which he and Snowball and all the other animals had previously agreed on. The law “From each according to his ability, to each according to his need” breaks down until eventually all seven commandments are replaced with just one which reads. “All animals are equal but some animals are more equal than others.”
Napoleon does not speak to the animals directly, but uses Squealer as his messenger. Squealer is a very persuasive and intelligent pig. Sometimes it seems as if it were Squealer who was the brains behind Napoleon as Squealer does all the work of explaining new rules and circumstances. Squealer does a good job as all of the animals accept the various new conditions.
Napoleon is greedy. He is happy to grab more of everything for himself. He and the other pigs, for example, get extra food.
Almost every week, Napoleon announced a new policy. “Napoleon announced that he had decided upon a new policy” These policies, however great they were made out to be (by Squealer & Napoleon), never appeared to make anything better for the animals. In-fact as things got better and better for Napoleon they got worse and worse for the animals. But Napoleon, with the aid of Squealer, convinced them that the conditions were far worse in the days of Jones.
Although Napoleon is greedy, selfish and fierce, he is also clever. How else would he get the animals to believe his every word? He is also clever in the choice of words he uses, as can be seen clearly in the following quote.
“For the time being, certainly, it has been found necessary to make a readjustment of the rations”
Squealer (instructed by Napoleon) always spoke of it as ‘readjustment’, never as reduction. This proves his persuasive capability. Without the aid of Squealer, Napoleon would not have been as successful.
Napoleon was willing to exploit and sacrifice others for his benefits. Here is just one example of this. When he wanted to be leader he chased Snowball away with his dogs. Napoleon, to get everyone to trust him after what he did, made up lies about Snowball being a criminal and traitor. He said
“Snowball, who, as we know, was no better than a criminal?”
Here Napoleon uses yet more persuasive language, influencing the other animals by using convincing phrases such as ‘as we know’, unconsciously forcing them to believe that his statement was the general view and not just his opinion.
Napoleon yet again makes the animals think less respectfully towards Snowball, by claiming Snowballs’ helpfulness was mush exaggerated.
“And as for the ‘Battle of Cowshed’ (a battle of the animals and humans where Snowball helped save them), I believe the time will come when we shall find out that Snowball’s part in it was much exaggerated.”
Here Napoleon is trying to diminish the importance of Snowballs’ role making him out to be incidental and not the hero, which the other animals remembered him to be.
There are not a lot of good things that can be said about Napoleon.
We have seen with Boxer that his lack of brainpower enabled his good intentions to be misdirected for evil. With Napoleon, he is not simple-minded but clever. Just as stupidity in the wrong hands is dangerous, being clever or smart in the hands of a selfish, egoist dictator like Napoleon is even more dangerous. He has the brains as well as the desire to do evil. Napoleon seems to be so cold-hearted that he doesn’t care for the welfare of the other animals. We see this when he pretends he is sending Boxer to the hospital when in fact he is sending him to his death and is only interested in the money he will get for his dead body.
Napoleon seems to take pleasure in the misery of other animals probably because he likes the feeling of power he has over them.
Napoleon always uses rhetorical questions, when he is in any doubt or when he thinks some of the animals don’t agree with what he is saying. Napoleon and Squealers favourite rhetorical question is
“Surely comrades, none of you want to see Jones back?” Of course once again that question was unanswerable.
Overall Napoleon was, fierce, power-mad, selfish, sinister, deceptive, dangerous and always willing to exploit and sacrifice others to benefit himself.
Napoleon is the mad, dictator pig whom, in the allegory “Animal Farm, represents the Russian leader Joseph Stalin. In fact, Animal Farm was written by Orwell to criticize the totalitarian regime and Stalin’s rule in Russia during and after the 117 revolution.
The satire Animal Farm parodies the struggle between the classes in Russia.
Napoleon could be said to represent the governing body or ruling class and also the upper class. Boxer represents the ruled class or exploited working class. In Napoleons’ brutal, totalitarian rule, the pigs evolve into the capitalists, which they originally despised.
By Julian Barrable
Mind that the sample papers like Characterisation of Animal Farm - Final Foilo Peice presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
The book “Animal Farm” is a very famous political allegory written by George Orwell and first published in 145. The characters, setting and plot of Animal Farm are an allegory of the Russian revolution of 117 and the subsequent years of Stalins’ totalitarian regime. In this short novel, the author tells a story where animals are used to characterize human behaviour.
In this essay, I will discuss and explain the role of two chosen characters and also compare their behaviour with the human types they represent.
The book is about the animals of “Manor Farm”, later called Animal Farm, who want their freedom. They rebel against Jones (the owner of the farm) and throw him out. At first Jones tries to get his farm back, but he soon gives up. The animals are so happy, to start with. Then the animals want to adopt a leader. There are only two animals (both pigs) that really want to be leader and they are Snowball and Napoleon. At first they try to work together co-operatively but this does not work. Just one of the animals must be chosen as leader. Snowball was the favourite among the animals to adopt the role of leader partly because of his honesty and kindness. Napoleon frequently lies and cheats and wants to control the other animals. He chases Snowball away with the help of his hand-reared dogs. He then tells the animals that Snowball was a spy and a traitor. All the animals believe his story, but it is not true.
The animals begin their new lives in “Animal Farm” with their new leader Napoleon. At first everyone is happy, but Napoleon is a bad leader and things go downhill for the animals. Napoleon gradually changes the rules so they only benefit him. The animal’s quality of life rapidly deteriorates until it is no better (if not worse) than it was in the days when Jones ruled the farm.
The main characters in this novel are Snowball, who is Napoleon’s enemy and the good pig, Napoleon, who is appointed leader, Squealer, who is Napoleons helper and messenger and Boxer, who is a hardworking and loyal carthorse. Other characters include Clover, who is Boxers lady friend, Benjamin, who is an old and wise donkey and Mollie, who is a very fashion conscious mare.
The two characters I have chosen to write about are Napoleon, the leader and Boxer the carthorse.
Boxer is an extremely loyal character. His loyalty is shown throughout the whole story. When Boxer accepts Napoleon as the leader, he is prepared to follow him without questioning. This is illustrated in one of the mottoes he adopts, which is,
“Napoleon is always right”
Boxers’ deep loyalty and gullibility easily allows him to be deceived. For example, Squealer, instructed by Napoleon, got Boxer to believe that Snowball was Jones’ “secret agent” all along. This is all a bunch of lies but Boxer easily believes them. Whilst loyalty is an admirable quality, the way Boxer blindly follows his leader ends up being quite destructive.
Boxer is by no means the smartest of animals, in-fact he is quite dumb. He only properly knows four letters of the alphabet A, B, C and D.
“Boxer could not get beyond the letter D. He would trace out A, B, C, D in the dust with his great hoof… On several occasions, indeed, he did learn E, F, G, H but by the time he knew them he had forgotten A, B, C, D”
Boxer is dumb but decent and devoted to trying his best. Boxer isn’t the dumbest animal on the farm, if you compare him to the sheep he’s quite smart.
The fact that Boxer is loyal but not very bright proves to be a dangerous combination. It is easy for Napoleon to take advantage of him.
Boxer is very hardworking; his answer to every set back was…
“I will work harder” Boxer adopted this saying as his personal motto. Boxer enjoys working very much, partly because he was very good at it. Boxer’s strength makes work easier for him. Boxer is huge, compared with most of the other animals.
The size and strength of Boxer was colossal. His huge muscles and sheer strength made Boxer the natural choice to do all the tough work.
“Nothing could have been achieved without Boxer, whose strength seemed equal to that of all of the rest of the animals put together.”
Boxer’s power benefited all the animals, as this quote shows;
“[They got] everything done quicker with Boxer on their side.”
Not only was Boxer loyal and a bit dumb but he was also he very strong. So Boxers’ hard work under Napoleons’ leadership was actually used to support a corrupt regime.
Boxer has good relationships with all the animals, in-fact all the animals admire him.
“Boxer was that admiration of everybody.” This is quite true; the animals mainly admired him for his big muscles and power. But others like Benjamin the donkey, admired him for who he is. “Benjamin, nevertheless, without openly admitting it, was attached to Boxer.”
Clover is also devoted to Boxer and in the same way Boxer has a soft spot for Clover.
Both Benjamin and Clover cared for Boxer when he was ill. Boxer thought that hard work was the solution for everything and he nearly worked himself to death.
Boxers’ great power mixed with his devotion and not to mention loving personality encourages the reader to have a soft spot for him. We are very sad when Boxer is hurt. The most heart rendering part of the novel is when Boxer collapses and is sent to the slaughterhouse.
Altogether Boxer is loyal, hardworking, strong, honest and incorruptible, like every person should be, as with most people, there is usually a weakness. In Boxers’ case he is very gullible and he is easily conned into believing lies and obeying rules.
Boxers’ weakness is that he is not very educated, rather dumb and very trusting. It is easy for Napoleon and the other pigs to take advantage of Boxer because of his lack of intelligence and limited education. He is unable to think things through for himself. He has the physical strength of an army and the devotion and loyalty to follow orders and see a task through, yet his power is sadly used for destruction.
In the allegory “Animal Farm”, Boxer, the overworked, incredibly strong, dumb horse represents the common worker in Russia. He is a member of the ignorant working class, who is manipulated and exploited. Boxer can be seen as the victim. He gives his life for the cause, in this case animalism, without realising the corrupt nature of the regime, which he has been working for. Boxers’ character also represents the stereotype of the obedient and courageous soldier who obeys his masters’ every command without questioning it.
Napoleon could not be more different in behaviour from Boxer. He behaves like a fierce dictator who is only interested in his own needs and desires. He constantly changes the rules to suit his selfish purposes. For example, Napoleon changes the commandment “No animal shall drink” to “No animal shall drink in excess” when he wants to justify his own drinking.
Napoleon eventually becomes the new leader of “Manor Farm”, but in order to become leader, Napoleon cheats and makes up lies about his honest rival Snowball. Once Napoleon has control of the farm he wants a life of luxury. He changes all the original rules, which he and Snowball and all the other animals had previously agreed on. The law “From each according to his ability, to each according to his need” breaks down until eventually all seven commandments are replaced with just one which reads. “All animals are equal but some animals are more equal than others.”
Napoleon does not speak to the animals directly, but uses Squealer as his messenger. Squealer is a very persuasive and intelligent pig. Sometimes it seems as if it were Squealer who was the brains behind Napoleon as Squealer does all the work of explaining new rules and circumstances. Squealer does a good job as all of the animals accept the various new conditions.
Napoleon is greedy. He is happy to grab more of everything for himself. He and the other pigs, for example, get extra food.
Almost every week, Napoleon announced a new policy. “Napoleon announced that he had decided upon a new policy” These policies, however great they were made out to be (by Squealer & Napoleon), never appeared to make anything better for the animals. In-fact as things got better and better for Napoleon they got worse and worse for the animals. But Napoleon, with the aid of Squealer, convinced them that the conditions were far worse in the days of Jones.
Although Napoleon is greedy, selfish and fierce, he is also clever. How else would he get the animals to believe his every word? He is also clever in the choice of words he uses, as can be seen clearly in the following quote.
“For the time being, certainly, it has been found necessary to make a readjustment of the rations”
Squealer (instructed by Napoleon) always spoke of it as ‘readjustment’, never as reduction. This proves his persuasive capability. Without the aid of Squealer, Napoleon would not have been as successful.
Napoleon was willing to exploit and sacrifice others for his benefits. Here is just one example of this. When he wanted to be leader he chased Snowball away with his dogs. Napoleon, to get everyone to trust him after what he did, made up lies about Snowball being a criminal and traitor. He said
“Snowball, who, as we know, was no better than a criminal?”
Here Napoleon uses yet more persuasive language, influencing the other animals by using convincing phrases such as ‘as we know’, unconsciously forcing them to believe that his statement was the general view and not just his opinion.
Napoleon yet again makes the animals think less respectfully towards Snowball, by claiming Snowballs’ helpfulness was mush exaggerated.
“And as for the ‘Battle of Cowshed’ (a battle of the animals and humans where Snowball helped save them), I believe the time will come when we shall find out that Snowball’s part in it was much exaggerated.”
Here Napoleon is trying to diminish the importance of Snowballs’ role making him out to be incidental and not the hero, which the other animals remembered him to be.
There are not a lot of good things that can be said about Napoleon.
We have seen with Boxer that his lack of brainpower enabled his good intentions to be misdirected for evil. With Napoleon, he is not simple-minded but clever. Just as stupidity in the wrong hands is dangerous, being clever or smart in the hands of a selfish, egoist dictator like Napoleon is even more dangerous. He has the brains as well as the desire to do evil. Napoleon seems to be so cold-hearted that he doesn’t care for the welfare of the other animals. We see this when he pretends he is sending Boxer to the hospital when in fact he is sending him to his death and is only interested in the money he will get for his dead body.
Napoleon seems to take pleasure in the misery of other animals probably because he likes the feeling of power he has over them.
Napoleon always uses rhetorical questions, when he is in any doubt or when he thinks some of the animals don’t agree with what he is saying. Napoleon and Squealers favourite rhetorical question is
“Surely comrades, none of you want to see Jones back?” Of course once again that question was unanswerable.
Overall Napoleon was, fierce, power-mad, selfish, sinister, deceptive, dangerous and always willing to exploit and sacrifice others to benefit himself.
Napoleon is the mad, dictator pig whom, in the allegory “Animal Farm, represents the Russian leader Joseph Stalin. In fact, Animal Farm was written by Orwell to criticize the totalitarian regime and Stalin’s rule in Russia during and after the 117 revolution.
The satire Animal Farm parodies the struggle between the classes in Russia.
Napoleon could be said to represent the governing body or ruling class and also the upper class. Boxer represents the ruled class or exploited working class. In Napoleons’ brutal, totalitarian rule, the pigs evolve into the capitalists, which they originally despised.
By Julian Barrable
Mind that the sample papers like Characterisation of Animal Farm - Final Foilo Peice presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Friday, July 20, 2012
Equity problems
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like Equity problems even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like Equity problems in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Bill, Annie and Tonto all work for Wild West Entertainment plc. Annie is in charge of gun shooting training, Bill has responsibility for organising shows and exhibitions, and Tonto is in charge of managing the show animals.
Annie, on behalf of the company, secures a contract for the supply of 500 rifles a month from the leading gun supplier, Bullet plc. Whilst in negotiations she persuades them to add 100 barrels of gunpowder a month free of charge to the order. Annie then sells on the gunpowder to her friend, Jesse, a local cowboy.
Tonto, meanwhile, has been selling manure from the show animals for fertiliser to local farmers. He does not reveal this fact to Wild West Entertainment plc since the manure would otherwise go to waste. Tonto does not have his own bank account. Instead, when Tonto wishes to place his money in safekeeping he gives it to Bill, allowing Bill to keep ten percent.
In addition to helping out Tonto, Bill regularly carries the free gunpowder for Annie to the saloon for when she meets Jesse. Jesse’s partner, Frank, works in the contract negotiation department of Bullet plc.
Advise Wild West Entertainment plc. [Do not consider any liability arising under the criminal law.]
Lily wishes to make the following dispositions to Heather and Fern. She seeks your advice as to the validity of the proposed dispositions and to any statutory formalities that may have to be complied with upon transfer.
(a) £500,000 to be divided between all the green-eyed babies born in Oldcastle in 1.
(b) 10,000 shares, the income of which to be used for twenty one years in any manner for talented doctors who live in Oldcastle. After twenty one years the capital derived from the shares may be distributed between the children of those doctors.
(c) A reasonable number of Lilys houses to be divided between her grandchildren
Mind that the sample papers like Equity problems presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Bill, Annie and Tonto all work for Wild West Entertainment plc. Annie is in charge of gun shooting training, Bill has responsibility for organising shows and exhibitions, and Tonto is in charge of managing the show animals.
Annie, on behalf of the company, secures a contract for the supply of 500 rifles a month from the leading gun supplier, Bullet plc. Whilst in negotiations she persuades them to add 100 barrels of gunpowder a month free of charge to the order. Annie then sells on the gunpowder to her friend, Jesse, a local cowboy.
Tonto, meanwhile, has been selling manure from the show animals for fertiliser to local farmers. He does not reveal this fact to Wild West Entertainment plc since the manure would otherwise go to waste. Tonto does not have his own bank account. Instead, when Tonto wishes to place his money in safekeeping he gives it to Bill, allowing Bill to keep ten percent.
In addition to helping out Tonto, Bill regularly carries the free gunpowder for Annie to the saloon for when she meets Jesse. Jesse’s partner, Frank, works in the contract negotiation department of Bullet plc.
Advise Wild West Entertainment plc. [Do not consider any liability arising under the criminal law.]
Lily wishes to make the following dispositions to Heather and Fern. She seeks your advice as to the validity of the proposed dispositions and to any statutory formalities that may have to be complied with upon transfer.
(a) £500,000 to be divided between all the green-eyed babies born in Oldcastle in 1.
(b) 10,000 shares, the income of which to be used for twenty one years in any manner for talented doctors who live in Oldcastle. After twenty one years the capital derived from the shares may be distributed between the children of those doctors.
(c) A reasonable number of Lilys houses to be divided between her grandchildren
Mind that the sample papers like Equity problems presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Wednesday, July 18, 2012
The Use of Opposites in Othello
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like The Use of Opposites in Othello even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like The Use of Opposites in Othello in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Shakespeare’s Use of Opposites in Othello
Contrast is a principle element in every form of art. Painters use cool colors to push warm ones forward, dark values to accentuate the lighted areas, and soft edges to give focus to the sharp edges. Writers use calm tempos to make the apex of their stories more powerful. In William Shakespeare’s Othello (reprinted in Thomas R. Arp and Laurence Perrine, Literature Structure, Sound, and Sense, 6th ed. [Fort Worth Harcourt, 1] 1060), Shakespeare uses opposites in character, plot, and language for similar purposes.
Desdemona and Emilia serve as opposites to each other. Desdemona is a beautiful young Venetian woman. She has a very sheltered perspective of the world that leads her to fall in love with Othello’s adventurous past. This sheltered view also extends to her perception of most women. In act four, Desdemona reveals her innocence and purity of thought.
In scene two of act four Othello wrongly accuses Desdemona of being a strumpet. Desdemona is so naive to the world that she doesn’t even know what a strumpet is. She replies, “No, as I am a Christian”, and goes on to insist that she will be saved (4..8). She thinks Othello is referring to her religion instead of her chastity.
In scene three of act four, Desdemona underscores her purity of thought in a question to Emilia. She asks, “Dost thou in conscience think � tell me, Emilia � / that there be women do abuse their husbands / in such gross kind?” (4..5-61). She believes all women to be as chaste as she is and doesn’t think that it is even possible for a woman to do such a thing. Desdemona then asks Emilia, “Wouldn’t thou do such a deed for all the world?” (4..6). Desdemona thinks this is such a horrible act that only “the world” would be proper compensation. This question gives Emilia the chance to reveal a principle difference between her and Desdemona. Emilia replies, “Why, would not you?” (4..6). This conversation shows their misjudgment of each other. Emilia thinks her question is silly because she thinks that cheating on one’s husband is something that any woman would do. Emilia thought Desdemona shared her views and would do the same. Desdemona replies, “No, by this heavenly light!” (4..64) Emilia then says that she would do such things by heavenly light either, but that she would definitely do it in secret. She goes on to say that she would cuckold her husband for his own benefit. Emilia is suggesting that she would do this for her own benefit though, because her notoriety would increase with her husband’s if she could advance his rank. Emilia’s lighthearted view of infidelity juxtaposed with Desdemona’s innocence and purity of thought gives the audience a saintly view of Desdemona.
The structure of this contrast makes the play more interesting and suspenseful. The viewer knows that Othello means to do her harm for the pain she caused him by making a cuckold of him, but it seems impossible that any harm could befall such a character pure in heart as Desdemona.
A smaller character foil can be found in the characters Iago and Roderigo. Roderigo’s stupidity and his inclination to be easily led in mind and action compliment Iago’s cleverness and ability to ensnare the minds and wills of others. In the opening lines of the play, Roderigo tells us that Iago has “had my purse / as if the strings were thine” (1.1.-). Roderigo’s desperate plot to win the affection of Desdemona has blinded his concern for money. He loses all of his money by funding Iago’s attempts to win Desdemona for him. Iago displays his conscious plan at the end of act one saying, “Thus do I ever make my fool my purse” (1..16). His manipulation of Roderigo shows that he is very capable of twisting another’s will for his own benefit.
Roderigo’s character also compliments Iago in the respect that Roderigo wears his heart on his sleeve while Iago’s motives are always hidden from the people he interacts with. Iago outwardly admits to this twice in the first act saying, “I must show out a flag and sign of love, / which indeed but a sign” (1.1.155). He also gives a summary of his character saying, “I am not what I am” (1.1.65). This relationship establishes early on that Iago is anything but honest.
In the same way that Iago said “I am not what I am”, opposites in plot structure are situations that are not what they seem to be. Othello is full of plot antithesis from beginning to end. Shakespeare uses this plot device to increase the drama and suspense in his play, and to evoke a wide spectrum of emotions in his listeners.
The first sign of this device can be seen in act one when Desdemona marries Othello behind her father, Brabantio’s back. Brabantio was deceived by his daughter, Desdemona, thinking she was so calm in nature that she “blushed at herself” (1..6). Upon discovering their marriage, he delivers a line that echoes throughout the play “Fathers, from hence trust not your daughters’ minds / By what you see them act” (1.1.67). This small use of plot antithesis foreshadows Iago’s deceitful plans.
In scene three of act three, Iago turns a harmless situation into a soar in Othello’s mind. Cassio is leaving the scene after taking with Desdemona as Iago and Othello enter the scene. Iago had instructed Cassio to ask Desdemona to speak to Othello on his behalf, yet he immediately insinuates that Cassio was wooing Othello’s wife by suggesting that he had “[stolen] away so guilty-like” (..40). This is the first seed of jealousy that Iago plants in Othello’s mind.
At the beginning of act four Iago sets another jealousy trap for Othello. He tells Othello to hide himself and listen to Cassio confess his affair with Desdemona. In truth, the conversation he overhears is about Cassio’s relationship to Bianca. Iago knows that Cassio “cannot refrain from excess laughter” when he speaks about Bianca, and he uses this to mold Othello’s jealous thoughts (4.1.6-7). Othello eavesdrops on the conversation and interprets it as solid evidence that his wife is having an affair. The audience knows that he is misinterpreting the conversation, and as they watch the event unfold they are made to feel like direct witnesses to Iago’s scheme. The impact of experiencing Iago’s knavery first hand, after he explains to the audience how he plans to ensnare his victims, makes the audience feel like they too are Iago’s victims, being “led by the nose as asses are” (1..77).
The handkerchief ordeal is another use of opposites in the play. Desdemona thinks she has lost her handkerchief and Othello thinks that she has given it to Cassio. In truth, Iago had his wife steal it so that he could use it to weave his web of deception.
Shakespeare also uses opposites in language, through oxymorons, in this play. These combinations of contradictory or incongruous words linger in the listener’s ear, and cause them to contemplate the circumstances further. Two oxymorns exist in this play. Both of which, are spoken by Othello. In scene two of act five Othello murders his wife in their bed. Doing this he says
What noise is this? Not dead? Not yet quite dead?
I that am cruel am yet merciful,
I would not have thee linger in thy pain. (5..85-86)
To the immediate circumstances he is saying that he doesn’t want to cause her pain in her death, and he aims to end her life quickly. But further examination leads to Othello’s truth motives in this murder. By killing Desdemona now, he insures that she has a place in heaven. He still loves her very much at this point, and shows mercy to her soul by allowing her to confess her sins in prayer before she dies. Shakespeare’s use of this oxymoron is a very efficient way of describing the complexities of this murder.
Shakespeare uses another oxymoron as Othello confesses the murder to Lodovico. Othello tells Lodovico that he is “an honorable murderer, if you will. / For naught did [he] in hate, but all in honor” (5..-4). The extreme opposition of the terms, honorable and murderer force the audience to reconsider their judgment of Othello. In Shakespeare’s time it was considered lawful to kill ones wife if she made a cuckold of her husband. Othello is tells Lodovico that his deeds were honorable by law, and he tells the audience that his actions are justified by his wife’s abuse.
Shakespeare’s usage of opposites in language, bind seamlessly with the opposites in characters and plot structure. The contrast of these opposites gives the viewer a point of reference from which to judge the individual parts. Together, they intensify the drama of the play and involve the audience mentally and emotionally.
Mind that the sample papers like The Use of Opposites in Othello presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Shakespeare’s Use of Opposites in Othello
Contrast is a principle element in every form of art. Painters use cool colors to push warm ones forward, dark values to accentuate the lighted areas, and soft edges to give focus to the sharp edges. Writers use calm tempos to make the apex of their stories more powerful. In William Shakespeare’s Othello (reprinted in Thomas R. Arp and Laurence Perrine, Literature Structure, Sound, and Sense, 6th ed. [Fort Worth Harcourt, 1] 1060), Shakespeare uses opposites in character, plot, and language for similar purposes.
Desdemona and Emilia serve as opposites to each other. Desdemona is a beautiful young Venetian woman. She has a very sheltered perspective of the world that leads her to fall in love with Othello’s adventurous past. This sheltered view also extends to her perception of most women. In act four, Desdemona reveals her innocence and purity of thought.
In scene two of act four Othello wrongly accuses Desdemona of being a strumpet. Desdemona is so naive to the world that she doesn’t even know what a strumpet is. She replies, “No, as I am a Christian”, and goes on to insist that she will be saved (4..8). She thinks Othello is referring to her religion instead of her chastity.
In scene three of act four, Desdemona underscores her purity of thought in a question to Emilia. She asks, “Dost thou in conscience think � tell me, Emilia � / that there be women do abuse their husbands / in such gross kind?” (4..5-61). She believes all women to be as chaste as she is and doesn’t think that it is even possible for a woman to do such a thing. Desdemona then asks Emilia, “Wouldn’t thou do such a deed for all the world?” (4..6). Desdemona thinks this is such a horrible act that only “the world” would be proper compensation. This question gives Emilia the chance to reveal a principle difference between her and Desdemona. Emilia replies, “Why, would not you?” (4..6). This conversation shows their misjudgment of each other. Emilia thinks her question is silly because she thinks that cheating on one’s husband is something that any woman would do. Emilia thought Desdemona shared her views and would do the same. Desdemona replies, “No, by this heavenly light!” (4..64) Emilia then says that she would do such things by heavenly light either, but that she would definitely do it in secret. She goes on to say that she would cuckold her husband for his own benefit. Emilia is suggesting that she would do this for her own benefit though, because her notoriety would increase with her husband’s if she could advance his rank. Emilia’s lighthearted view of infidelity juxtaposed with Desdemona’s innocence and purity of thought gives the audience a saintly view of Desdemona.
The structure of this contrast makes the play more interesting and suspenseful. The viewer knows that Othello means to do her harm for the pain she caused him by making a cuckold of him, but it seems impossible that any harm could befall such a character pure in heart as Desdemona.
A smaller character foil can be found in the characters Iago and Roderigo. Roderigo’s stupidity and his inclination to be easily led in mind and action compliment Iago’s cleverness and ability to ensnare the minds and wills of others. In the opening lines of the play, Roderigo tells us that Iago has “had my purse / as if the strings were thine” (1.1.-). Roderigo’s desperate plot to win the affection of Desdemona has blinded his concern for money. He loses all of his money by funding Iago’s attempts to win Desdemona for him. Iago displays his conscious plan at the end of act one saying, “Thus do I ever make my fool my purse” (1..16). His manipulation of Roderigo shows that he is very capable of twisting another’s will for his own benefit.
Roderigo’s character also compliments Iago in the respect that Roderigo wears his heart on his sleeve while Iago’s motives are always hidden from the people he interacts with. Iago outwardly admits to this twice in the first act saying, “I must show out a flag and sign of love, / which indeed but a sign” (1.1.155). He also gives a summary of his character saying, “I am not what I am” (1.1.65). This relationship establishes early on that Iago is anything but honest.
In the same way that Iago said “I am not what I am”, opposites in plot structure are situations that are not what they seem to be. Othello is full of plot antithesis from beginning to end. Shakespeare uses this plot device to increase the drama and suspense in his play, and to evoke a wide spectrum of emotions in his listeners.
The first sign of this device can be seen in act one when Desdemona marries Othello behind her father, Brabantio’s back. Brabantio was deceived by his daughter, Desdemona, thinking she was so calm in nature that she “blushed at herself” (1..6). Upon discovering their marriage, he delivers a line that echoes throughout the play “Fathers, from hence trust not your daughters’ minds / By what you see them act” (1.1.67). This small use of plot antithesis foreshadows Iago’s deceitful plans.
In scene three of act three, Iago turns a harmless situation into a soar in Othello’s mind. Cassio is leaving the scene after taking with Desdemona as Iago and Othello enter the scene. Iago had instructed Cassio to ask Desdemona to speak to Othello on his behalf, yet he immediately insinuates that Cassio was wooing Othello’s wife by suggesting that he had “[stolen] away so guilty-like” (..40). This is the first seed of jealousy that Iago plants in Othello’s mind.
At the beginning of act four Iago sets another jealousy trap for Othello. He tells Othello to hide himself and listen to Cassio confess his affair with Desdemona. In truth, the conversation he overhears is about Cassio’s relationship to Bianca. Iago knows that Cassio “cannot refrain from excess laughter” when he speaks about Bianca, and he uses this to mold Othello’s jealous thoughts (4.1.6-7). Othello eavesdrops on the conversation and interprets it as solid evidence that his wife is having an affair. The audience knows that he is misinterpreting the conversation, and as they watch the event unfold they are made to feel like direct witnesses to Iago’s scheme. The impact of experiencing Iago’s knavery first hand, after he explains to the audience how he plans to ensnare his victims, makes the audience feel like they too are Iago’s victims, being “led by the nose as asses are” (1..77).
The handkerchief ordeal is another use of opposites in the play. Desdemona thinks she has lost her handkerchief and Othello thinks that she has given it to Cassio. In truth, Iago had his wife steal it so that he could use it to weave his web of deception.
Shakespeare also uses opposites in language, through oxymorons, in this play. These combinations of contradictory or incongruous words linger in the listener’s ear, and cause them to contemplate the circumstances further. Two oxymorns exist in this play. Both of which, are spoken by Othello. In scene two of act five Othello murders his wife in their bed. Doing this he says
What noise is this? Not dead? Not yet quite dead?
I that am cruel am yet merciful,
I would not have thee linger in thy pain. (5..85-86)
To the immediate circumstances he is saying that he doesn’t want to cause her pain in her death, and he aims to end her life quickly. But further examination leads to Othello’s truth motives in this murder. By killing Desdemona now, he insures that she has a place in heaven. He still loves her very much at this point, and shows mercy to her soul by allowing her to confess her sins in prayer before she dies. Shakespeare’s use of this oxymoron is a very efficient way of describing the complexities of this murder.
Shakespeare uses another oxymoron as Othello confesses the murder to Lodovico. Othello tells Lodovico that he is “an honorable murderer, if you will. / For naught did [he] in hate, but all in honor” (5..-4). The extreme opposition of the terms, honorable and murderer force the audience to reconsider their judgment of Othello. In Shakespeare’s time it was considered lawful to kill ones wife if she made a cuckold of her husband. Othello is tells Lodovico that his deeds were honorable by law, and he tells the audience that his actions are justified by his wife’s abuse.
Shakespeare’s usage of opposites in language, bind seamlessly with the opposites in characters and plot structure. The contrast of these opposites gives the viewer a point of reference from which to judge the individual parts. Together, they intensify the drama of the play and involve the audience mentally and emotionally.
Mind that the sample papers like The Use of Opposites in Othello presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
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