Change Essay (GCSE B+)

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I still remember that fateful day well, the day my whole life changed. I look

back at it now and I still cant find a rational explanation for the events that occurred.

At the time, I didn’t let many people know, even now many people don’t know. After

the incident, I moved here, a small rural village in the countryside, to get away from




the publicity that it caused. No one knew about my changes here, and they now only

exist, some fifty years later, as myths to the teenagers.

It all started when I was in my first year at college. I had many friends, I was a

member of the football team and I had a beautiful girlfriend. He name was Clara; her

long dark hair, extremely feminine figure and beautiful smile as well as a bubbly fun

personality made her the sweetest girl I have ever met. Back then my life was great. I

was very happy with my social status, my studies and my life.

I used to go out with friends to parties and bars, and we would have a great

time. I used to drink, I used to love it, but I was no addict. I never tried drugs either, I

didn’t see the point in taking such a risk in my life, and I would be taken off the team

immediately if the coach caught me. When we went out, we used to find little things

to do for a joke, things that would give us a cheap laugh at the time.

This one dark night Clara, Dufty and Matchu and I went out for a few beers.

We left the bar at around midnight and headed towards our college. About a quarter of

the way into the thirty-minute walk, there is a shortcut, which goes across a few fields

and through an old wood. We had been down there in daylight, but tonight was

different. It was very dark, the sky cloudless and the light from the huge full moon

flooded the landscape and lit everything with an eerie blue tint. The trees were

standing tall, the shadows intruding the roads. We could hear only the sounds of the

nightlife, and the odd passing car.

It was suggested by Dufty that we should take the shortcut. Matchu agreed,

Clara didn’t, and I didn’t really mind, but we decided to go down the old path

nevertheless. We started walking through the fields, laughing and joking, running

around and generally having a good time. We walked for a while, as we came to the

entrance to the wood. We looked up the path, and it was pitch black, the moonlight

only braking through the trees in scarce patches. Clara was protesting, and wanted to

turn back, but it was a good forty minutes back to the apartment from here if we went

back, but only ten if we continued. We promised that we would take care of Clara and

she reluctantly agreed to walk on.

As we got deeper into the forest, the eeriness made me on edge, and my

stomach turned at every slight noise. We were walking along, and the path that we

were following slowly started fading like the looks of excitement on our faces, until

we were walking around hopelessly in the forest. We walked for a good ten minutes

and there was still no sign of the other side of the forest. By now we had started to get

worried, as we were sure we were lost. None of what we could see was like we

thought it should be.



We didn’t want to alarm the others by mentioning anything, but inside we

were all thinking the same thoughts. Eventually Clara said that she thought we were

lost, and that she was petrified. Our minds had started to play tricks on us, and we

would think we saw something up to such a degree that we would bet our lives on it.

My stomach was in knots. I felt sick, and my eyes were hurting from the strain

of trying to see in this dark dingy place. After another ten minutes we were in a right

state. I was sure that something was following us, but the rest of the group didn’t pay

any attention. It turned out that I was right.



It all happened in a flash, I could hear the cracking of sticks behind me, so I

turned round and there was nothing there. I heard the noises again merely two seconds

later and I turned round again to see this monstrous figure towering over me. I was

completely shocked. This huge eight foot tall creature was standing just a few yards

away from me. He stood, his evil glaring eyes staring straight at me. His huge

muscular body supported on equally strong legs. He had tiny scrawny arms, on which

razor-sharp claws were sticking out an inch or two. All I could focus on was his white

teeth, drool covered and penetrating his pointy nose. If I wasn’t mistaken, he looked

like a werewolf!

Before I had chance to even scream he charged at me. The others then noticed

him and fled in all directions away from the beast. As he pounced me I could hear a

rusty growling noise, then I felt his body weight on top of me. This was the last thing

that I noticed before I passed out.

When I regained consciousness I was laying on the floor, the very same spot

that I had landed on. I looked at my body, and everything appeared to be normal. I

couldn’t feel any pain at all. By this time the forest was nearly completely light, and I

could feel the dampness on dawn on the cold floor that I was lying on. I slowly rose to

my feel, looking around in every direction for the monster that I could vaguely

remember. I then thought of Clara, and the others. I made a promise to her that

nothing would happen, and if it did that I would protect her.



I ran in any direction shouting her name as I frantically searched for her. After

quite a while, I noticed the path, which I followed. Shortly after, I was out of the

forest and running down the street to our college. On arrival I found that all of my

friends who were with me were there. I ran over to them and asked them what had

happened. They looked confused, and replied that nothing had happened to them. I

told them again, trying to get them to remember but they insisted that I had just

disappeared. I was confused, they couldn’t remember anything that happened that

night, and they couldn’t remember getting either. They all said that they awoke this

morning in heir beds, and that the night before they went out and I was not with them.

I looked at them blankly. I know what had happened. I thought at first that it

was all some kind of big joke. Either they couldn’t remember anything, or I was

wrong. But how could I be. I was sure of what happened, it was so real, and if it was

some kind of a dream, why was I in the forest this morning. Something very weird

was going on.

After a few days of confusion and discussion, I thought that it must have been

some kind of a joke. The attack was a dream, and they had moved me into the forest

as a joke whilst I was sleeping. It was then I first saw the funny side and I felt

relieved, like a huge load was lifted off my back. A week later, and everything was

forgotten about. My life continued as normal and no one said anything. I thought that

it was all over at this, but no, something far worse was about to happen to me.

It was morning and I woke up as usual. I dressed, and ate and got ready for the

day. We were going to go down to the football stadium to watch a game, and have a

few beers after in the pub. The first thing that I thought was unusual was that my leg

was stinging. I looked at where the pain was coming from but there was no sign of

any cut or mark. It didn’t hurt that much, and I wasn’t going to let it ruin my day. We

went to the game as usual and on the way home we stopped at a bar. Outside, it was

late afternoon and the sun was just setting. I had a couple of pints in the bar, and then

we decided to have a dance. This was grate fun, except that the pain in my leg had got

worse. I went to the toilet to have a look. When I got in there, I looked and again

everything seemed to be normal.

I opened the window, to get some fresh air and all I could see was the huge

full moon filling the sky. It was just like that night, exactly a month ago today. As

soon as the moonlight hit me the pain in my leg was excruciating. I could feel my

body tingling. I looked at my hands and they had changed. I ran quickly to the mirror

and I looked at my face. I gave myself such a fright. I blinked once or twice but the

picture was still the same.

In the mirror all I could see was the image of a monster, exactly like the one I

saw in the forest, the one that attacked me. I couldn’t believe it. I looked down at my

hands and my feet. It was true. I had changed into some kind of beast. I heard

someone coming into the room so I hid in a toilet cubicle. After a minute or so he left

and that is all I could remember. All I could feel was my mind loosing control of my

body. I was walking towards the window and I couldn’t stop myself.

The next day I woke up in a garden shed. I sneaked out and got back to the

college apartments. I could remember turning into a werewolf, and loosing control

over my body but I could not remember what had happened. When I got there I got in

bed and pretended to be asleep. If I told them the truth they would thing that I was

crazy. I didn’t want to end up in some sort of nut home. When I heard the others get

up I went down into the kitchen with them. They were reading a paper, laughing

about the headline. I walked over and peered around at the national paper. I was

completely shocked.

“WEREWOLF ATTACKS IN TEXAS”. I couldn’t believe that it said. I read

it again but still it didn’t change. All of my friends were laughing and joking then they

asked me why I dashed off last night. I didn’t know what to say, I couldn’t tell the

truth. I just said that I felt really ill and I went home. They all accepted the story and

they didn’t thing anything of it.

The next week was all talk about the so-called werewolf in our town. Because

there were no signs of it for this long it was slowly forgotten and excuses were made

for the sightings. I thought back to both of my experiences. In each case there was a

werewolf and the first time I was attacked, and the second time I was the werewolf. I

had read stories about these kinds of things so I concluded that I must have been

bitten, and had the werewolf passed to me. Then I thought of my leg and the

moonlight. The wolf must have bitten me on my leg, and on the day of the full moon I

could feel it hurting. The light of the full moon must trigger the werewolf tendencies.

Although I had an explanation of my own there were still a few questions

unanswered. Why didn’t the others remember the attack, and why couldn’t I control

my body?

It wasn’t until a few days later that Matchu put two and two together and

mentioned as a joke that I was obsessed with werewolves. After he said this it got the

others thinking, and I overheard a conversation between them saying that they should

report me to somebody before the next full moon. If they did do this, and I was

caught, I would be tested and caged up. My freedom would be killed. I thought that I

have got to get away. I have got to leave them behind before its too late. That day I

packed my clothes and possessions in my car and set off, leaving nothing behind

except a note. I said that I was leaving because work was too hard.

I’m not sure whether they tried looking for me in the end. I travelled north and

rented a place in a small village. I got a job settled down. It turned out that there was a

werewolf hunt, and that somehow the press had had information about a werewolf.

All fingers pointed to my so-called friends, but I didn’t care anymore, I had moved

on.

From then on, every full moon, I had to stay inside, hiding from the

moonlight. I don’t know if I still have the werewolf in me, but I am now willing to

test it out. My old life was great, but one event changed everything. I had become

something else, and there was no cure. I just had to live with it.



Mind that the sample papers like Change Essay (GCSE B+) presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!

Characterisation of Animal Farm - Final Foilo Peice

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The book “Animal Farm” is a very famous political allegory written by George Orwell and first published in 145. The characters, setting and plot of Animal Farm are an allegory of the Russian revolution of 117 and the subsequent years of Stalins’ totalitarian regime. In this short novel, the author tells a story where animals are used to characterize human behaviour.

In this essay, I will discuss and explain the role of two chosen characters and also compare their behaviour with the human types they represent.

The book is about the animals of “Manor Farm”, later called Animal Farm, who want their freedom. They rebel against Jones (the owner of the farm) and throw him out. At first Jones tries to get his farm back, but he soon gives up. The animals are so happy, to start with. Then the animals want to adopt a leader. There are only two animals (both pigs) that really want to be leader and they are Snowball and Napoleon. At first they try to work together co-operatively but this does not work. Just one of the animals must be chosen as leader. Snowball was the favourite among the animals to adopt the role of leader partly because of his honesty and kindness. Napoleon frequently lies and cheats and wants to control the other animals. He chases Snowball away with the help of his hand-reared dogs. He then tells the animals that Snowball was a spy and a traitor. All the animals believe his story, but it is not true.

The animals begin their new lives in “Animal Farm” with their new leader Napoleon. At first everyone is happy, but Napoleon is a bad leader and things go downhill for the animals. Napoleon gradually changes the rules so they only benefit him. The animal’s quality of life rapidly deteriorates until it is no better (if not worse) than it was in the days when Jones ruled the farm.




The main characters in this novel are Snowball, who is Napoleon’s enemy and the good pig, Napoleon, who is appointed leader, Squealer, who is Napoleons helper and messenger and Boxer, who is a hardworking and loyal carthorse. Other characters include Clover, who is Boxers lady friend, Benjamin, who is an old and wise donkey and Mollie, who is a very fashion conscious mare.

The two characters I have chosen to write about are Napoleon, the leader and Boxer the carthorse.

Boxer is an extremely loyal character. His loyalty is shown throughout the whole story. When Boxer accepts Napoleon as the leader, he is prepared to follow him without questioning. This is illustrated in one of the mottoes he adopts, which is,

“Napoleon is always right”

Boxers’ deep loyalty and gullibility easily allows him to be deceived. For example, Squealer, instructed by Napoleon, got Boxer to believe that Snowball was Jones’ “secret agent” all along. This is all a bunch of lies but Boxer easily believes them. Whilst loyalty is an admirable quality, the way Boxer blindly follows his leader ends up being quite destructive.

Boxer is by no means the smartest of animals, in-fact he is quite dumb. He only properly knows four letters of the alphabet A, B, C and D.

“Boxer could not get beyond the letter D. He would trace out A, B, C, D in the dust with his great hoof… On several occasions, indeed, he did learn E, F, G, H but by the time he knew them he had forgotten A, B, C, D”

Boxer is dumb but decent and devoted to trying his best. Boxer isn’t the dumbest animal on the farm, if you compare him to the sheep he’s quite smart.

The fact that Boxer is loyal but not very bright proves to be a dangerous combination. It is easy for Napoleon to take advantage of him.

Boxer is very hardworking; his answer to every set back was…

“I will work harder” Boxer adopted this saying as his personal motto. Boxer enjoys working very much, partly because he was very good at it. Boxer’s strength makes work easier for him. Boxer is huge, compared with most of the other animals.

The size and strength of Boxer was colossal. His huge muscles and sheer strength made Boxer the natural choice to do all the tough work.

“Nothing could have been achieved without Boxer, whose strength seemed equal to that of all of the rest of the animals put together.”

Boxer’s power benefited all the animals, as this quote shows;

“[They got] everything done quicker with Boxer on their side.”

Not only was Boxer loyal and a bit dumb but he was also he very strong. So Boxers’ hard work under Napoleons’ leadership was actually used to support a corrupt regime.

Boxer has good relationships with all the animals, in-fact all the animals admire him.

“Boxer was that admiration of everybody.” This is quite true; the animals mainly admired him for his big muscles and power. But others like Benjamin the donkey, admired him for who he is. “Benjamin, nevertheless, without openly admitting it, was attached to Boxer.”

Clover is also devoted to Boxer and in the same way Boxer has a soft spot for Clover.

Both Benjamin and Clover cared for Boxer when he was ill. Boxer thought that hard work was the solution for everything and he nearly worked himself to death.

Boxers’ great power mixed with his devotion and not to mention loving personality encourages the reader to have a soft spot for him. We are very sad when Boxer is hurt. The most heart rendering part of the novel is when Boxer collapses and is sent to the slaughterhouse.

Altogether Boxer is loyal, hardworking, strong, honest and incorruptible, like every person should be, as with most people, there is usually a weakness. In Boxers’ case he is very gullible and he is easily conned into believing lies and obeying rules.

Boxers’ weakness is that he is not very educated, rather dumb and very trusting. It is easy for Napoleon and the other pigs to take advantage of Boxer because of his lack of intelligence and limited education. He is unable to think things through for himself. He has the physical strength of an army and the devotion and loyalty to follow orders and see a task through, yet his power is sadly used for destruction.

In the allegory “Animal Farm”, Boxer, the overworked, incredibly strong, dumb horse represents the common worker in Russia. He is a member of the ignorant working class, who is manipulated and exploited. Boxer can be seen as the victim. He gives his life for the cause, in this case animalism, without realising the corrupt nature of the regime, which he has been working for. Boxers’ character also represents the stereotype of the obedient and courageous soldier who obeys his masters’ every command without questioning it.



Napoleon could not be more different in behaviour from Boxer. He behaves like a fierce dictator who is only interested in his own needs and desires. He constantly changes the rules to suit his selfish purposes. For example, Napoleon changes the commandment “No animal shall drink” to “No animal shall drink in excess” when he wants to justify his own drinking.

Napoleon eventually becomes the new leader of “Manor Farm”, but in order to become leader, Napoleon cheats and makes up lies about his honest rival Snowball. Once Napoleon has control of the farm he wants a life of luxury. He changes all the original rules, which he and Snowball and all the other animals had previously agreed on. The law “From each according to his ability, to each according to his need” breaks down until eventually all seven commandments are replaced with just one which reads. “All animals are equal but some animals are more equal than others.”



Napoleon does not speak to the animals directly, but uses Squealer as his messenger. Squealer is a very persuasive and intelligent pig. Sometimes it seems as if it were Squealer who was the brains behind Napoleon as Squealer does all the work of explaining new rules and circumstances. Squealer does a good job as all of the animals accept the various new conditions.

Napoleon is greedy. He is happy to grab more of everything for himself. He and the other pigs, for example, get extra food.

Almost every week, Napoleon announced a new policy. “Napoleon announced that he had decided upon a new policy” These policies, however great they were made out to be (by Squealer & Napoleon), never appeared to make anything better for the animals. In-fact as things got better and better for Napoleon they got worse and worse for the animals. But Napoleon, with the aid of Squealer, convinced them that the conditions were far worse in the days of Jones.

Although Napoleon is greedy, selfish and fierce, he is also clever. How else would he get the animals to believe his every word? He is also clever in the choice of words he uses, as can be seen clearly in the following quote.

“For the time being, certainly, it has been found necessary to make a readjustment of the rations”

Squealer (instructed by Napoleon) always spoke of it as ‘readjustment’, never as reduction. This proves his persuasive capability. Without the aid of Squealer, Napoleon would not have been as successful.

Napoleon was willing to exploit and sacrifice others for his benefits. Here is just one example of this. When he wanted to be leader he chased Snowball away with his dogs. Napoleon, to get everyone to trust him after what he did, made up lies about Snowball being a criminal and traitor. He said

“Snowball, who, as we know, was no better than a criminal?”

Here Napoleon uses yet more persuasive language, influencing the other animals by using convincing phrases such as ‘as we know’, unconsciously forcing them to believe that his statement was the general view and not just his opinion.

Napoleon yet again makes the animals think less respectfully towards Snowball, by claiming Snowballs’ helpfulness was mush exaggerated.

“And as for the ‘Battle of Cowshed’ (a battle of the animals and humans where Snowball helped save them), I believe the time will come when we shall find out that Snowball’s part in it was much exaggerated.”

Here Napoleon is trying to diminish the importance of Snowballs’ role making him out to be incidental and not the hero, which the other animals remembered him to be.

There are not a lot of good things that can be said about Napoleon.

We have seen with Boxer that his lack of brainpower enabled his good intentions to be misdirected for evil. With Napoleon, he is not simple-minded but clever. Just as stupidity in the wrong hands is dangerous, being clever or smart in the hands of a selfish, egoist dictator like Napoleon is even more dangerous. He has the brains as well as the desire to do evil. Napoleon seems to be so cold-hearted that he doesn’t care for the welfare of the other animals. We see this when he pretends he is sending Boxer to the hospital when in fact he is sending him to his death and is only interested in the money he will get for his dead body.

Napoleon seems to take pleasure in the misery of other animals probably because he likes the feeling of power he has over them.

Napoleon always uses rhetorical questions, when he is in any doubt or when he thinks some of the animals don’t agree with what he is saying. Napoleon and Squealers favourite rhetorical question is

“Surely comrades, none of you want to see Jones back?” Of course once again that question was unanswerable.

Overall Napoleon was, fierce, power-mad, selfish, sinister, deceptive, dangerous and always willing to exploit and sacrifice others to benefit himself.



Napoleon is the mad, dictator pig whom, in the allegory “Animal Farm, represents the Russian leader Joseph Stalin. In fact, Animal Farm was written by Orwell to criticize the totalitarian regime and Stalin’s rule in Russia during and after the 117 revolution.

The satire Animal Farm parodies the struggle between the classes in Russia.

Napoleon could be said to represent the governing body or ruling class and also the upper class. Boxer represents the ruled class or exploited working class. In Napoleons’ brutal, totalitarian rule, the pigs evolve into the capitalists, which they originally despised.

By Julian Barrable

Mind that the sample papers like Characterisation of Animal Farm - Final Foilo Peice presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!

Equity problems

We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like Equity problems even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like Equity problems in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.

Bill, Annie and Tonto all work for Wild West Entertainment plc. Annie is in charge of gun shooting training, Bill has responsibility for organising shows and exhibitions, and Tonto is in charge of managing the show animals.

Annie, on behalf of the company, secures a contract for the supply of 500 rifles a month from the leading gun supplier, Bullet plc. Whilst in negotiations she persuades them to add 100 barrels of gunpowder a month free of charge to the order. Annie then sells on the gunpowder to her friend, Jesse, a local cowboy.

Tonto, meanwhile, has been selling manure from the show animals for fertiliser to local farmers. He does not reveal this fact to Wild West Entertainment plc since the manure would otherwise go to waste. Tonto does not have his own bank account. Instead, when Tonto wishes to place his money in safekeeping he gives it to Bill, allowing Bill to keep ten percent.

In addition to helping out Tonto, Bill regularly carries the free gunpowder for Annie to the saloon for when she meets Jesse. Jesse’s partner, Frank, works in the contract negotiation department of Bullet plc.




Advise Wild West Entertainment plc. [Do not consider any liability arising under the criminal law.]

Lily wishes to make the following dispositions to Heather and Fern. She seeks your advice as to the validity of the proposed dispositions and to any statutory formalities that may have to be complied with upon transfer.

(a) £500,000 to be divided between all the green-eyed babies born in Oldcastle in 1.

(b) 10,000 shares, the income of which to be used for twenty one years in any manner for talented doctors who live in Oldcastle. After twenty one years the capital derived from the shares may be distributed between the children of those doctors.

(c) A reasonable number of Lilys houses to be divided between her grandchildren



Mind that the sample papers like Equity problems presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!

Art Morality and Reality

We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like Art Morality and Reality even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like Art Morality and Reality in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.

Art morality and reality is a subject that is touched upon by many people, from different backgrounds, and cultures.

Art in itself is hard to explain and give a clear cut definition to, there have been many lines drawn as to what is and what isn’t art.

Quote “

What constitutes good art and bad art, and how different individual’s opinions can in effect erase the importance of the dictionary definition of art.




Especially when art is under so much scrutiny as to discover its meaning and origins, why it was created, and what the message trying to be conveyed really is.

From a religious point of view, art is something that glorifies God, and makes people more aware of the goodness and powerful loving nature of God. To these religious types, art is simply a means of expressing God and spreading the news, nothing else.

and these works of art are ‘true’ art because of the substance they contain and the pure love beauty and truth that form the lifeblood of the art work itself, no matter which form it takes, sculpture, poems, songs, pictures ect.

It is likened to a poet writing a technically perfect prose but not meaning a single word he has written, this makes the art work false.

Quote “Superficiality in art is the beginning of falsity; and all falsity is fundamentally ugly. When the poet deeply feels and understands what he is trying to represent it becomes beautiful. Beauty thus conceived is fundamentally moral. If it is not moral, it is not true beauty, and any part that is not moral will likewise not be beautiful.”

Here is an example of how an individuals opinion of art and what it really is, can be so different from others opinions and can create friction. The boundaries in art in relation to morality and reality shift and change so dramatically that the ideals one holds on to can be worthless to another and prove irrelevant in the argument of what art ‘can’ and ‘should’ consist of.. There cannot be one standard for what is acceptable to be art and what is not.

If people are to be considered equal in all their differences and diversities then their opinions are to be respected likewise, but having said this, it makes art a touchy subject that has had to be open and free from solid boundaries and lines that restrict movement and creativity. Otherwise it would be closed off to some people who didn’t fit the criteria, such as extremists, and minority groups.

Then there is the issue not only of what art ‘IS’ but what can be included IN art, as well as the meaning behind it all. The issue of nudity has had some controversy because, not only is it considered rude and inappropriate by some, it has been blamed to have lead the way to pornography being accepted in art and resulting in the art becoming evil as it were. Its as though the ‘safe’ and beautiful nudity has made way for the experiments with These issues that are raised due to clashes in arts boundaries also have an effect on society, if the art world, which contains much of the public entertainment scene, is tampered with and allows such morally wrong substances into it, then this in turn will give society the idea that such things are ok.

Gradually over time this can make ‘bad’ things ‘ok’ and it continues until the whole of our society is living in filth. Art certainly has a much greater effect than its given credit.

More questions are raised by art than are answered, and these questions are not all about the art work in question. It’s more to do with what can and cannot be art, how and where we ought to draw the line between art and crap and what’s beautiful and what is not.

If art is really meant to be an enjoyable pastime and means of personal expression, coupled with communication. Then as a society we have lost that view and have turned on art and deformed it into a monstrosity that does more harm and causes more conflict than good.

Bibliography

Fr. Giles O.F.M.

� 1 by Aesthetic Realism Foundation

� 001 Hispanic Research Center, Arizona State University. All Rights Reserved.

http//mati.eas.asu.edu/ChicanArte/html_pages/ArtCriticismQues.html

Art in Society / Lund Humphries publishers London 175

Ken Baynes

Terry Barretts Criticizing Art Understanding the Contemporary, Mountain View, CA, 14.

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art

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Notes

This image shows the random executions of the Spanish citizenry resulted from the fighting in the Puerto del Sol area of Madrid (Also see the Goya painting Second of May). A national uprising in Spain followed, and scenes such as Goyas Third of May were repeated throughout the Spanish countryside, as the French commanders failed to quell the national mood, and instead made it more furious.

Goya had previously admired the practical freedoms the French enlightenment had promised. Most of the Spanish intellectuals of Goyas time were weary of the faltering efforts of Charles IV and Ferdinand to bring reform and improvement to Spain. However, the brutality of Napolean (through his brother Joseph & the military commanders instructed to minimize the fighting there) suspended whatever affection the Spanish liberals had for French freedoms.

For the length of the six-year occupation by the French, Goya lived almost entirely in Madrid. There is much speculation in art books about whether Goya personally witnessed events such as The Second of May, and The Third of May. It is evident that Goya owned property at La Quinta, where the massacres took place, and there is (though disputed by some historians) a story by one of Goyas gardeners, a man named Isidro, who told Antonio Trueba (recorded in his book Madrid por fuera) that Goya witnessed the shootings at Montana del Principe Pio via telescope (a telescope was inventoried as belonging to Goya after his death), and that Isidro accompanied Goya later that night to the place where the corpses were, at which time Goya made notes. This account is referenced in Xavier de Salas book GOYA, published 178 by Mayflower books.






...the Third of May, has become even more famous, haunting the covers of history books, appearing on postage stamps and postcards. It has been used to epitomize the art of Goya, as well as the spirit of Spanish revolutionary heroism. This violent yet moving image depicts the public execution of insurgents on May 1808, the day following the insurrection [see Goyas Second of May] In contrast to the vigour of the street battle, in which the Spaniards appear, momentarily, to be gaining the upper hand, this massacre of civilians, which the French carried out in reprisal for the insurrection, has been painted in the most eye-catching colours. Here, in glowing whites, golds and scarlets against the sombre blacks, greys and browns of the background, the doomed men are immortalized, the street fighters from the Second of May meet their fate. One or two are recognizable the corpse sprawled below the living victims, a prone male figure with matted blood-soaked hair and shattered skull, is identifiable as the hero with the dagger, stabbing the horse in the right-hand foreground of the proceeding picture.

From Sarah Symmons book, Goya,

Phiadon Press, 18. Page 6.



Most of the victims have faces. The killers do not. This is one of the most often-noted aspects of the Third of May, and rightly so with this painting, the modern image of war as anonymous killing is born, and a long tradition of killing as ennobled spectacle comes to its overdue end.

From Robert Hughes book, Goya,

Knopf Books, 00. Page 17.

No other artist in Western civilization can equal Goya in lyricism or power. He just may be the most courageous painter of all time. This painting condemns organized brutality in a way that stands alone in excellence. This scene of slaughter captures every detail of a group of gleeful hateful men destroying their fellow men. Nothing else in all of art equals the violence, the black terror of the moment, with those guns pointed at the group of unarmed victims. This is a difficult painting to look at for extended periods of time and may even cause nightmares.

The Shootings of the Third of May, 1808 (1814) by Spanish painter Francisco Goya (Prado, Madrid). When Napoleon occupied Spain, Goyas bitter disillusionment with the French Revolution was reflected in such dramatic works as this, which commemorates the execution of a group of Madrid citizens. (Image � Art Archive)

Spanish painter and engraver. One of the major figures of European art, Goya depicted all aspects of Spanish life portraits, including those of the royal family, religious works, scenes of war and of everyday life. Towards the end of his life, he created strange, nightmarish works, the Black Paintings, with such horrific images as Saturn Devouring One of His Sons (c. 18 Prado, Madrid). His series of etchings include The Disasters of War (181014), depicting the horrors of the French invasion of Spain.

Goya was born in Aragn. After studying in Italy, he returned to Spain and was employed on a number of paintings for the royal tapestry factory as well as numerous portraits. In 178 he was appointed court painter to Charles IV. The eroticism of his Naked Maja and Clothed Maja (c. 180005 Prado, Madrid) caused such outrage that he was questioned by the Inquisition. The Shootings of May rd 1808 (1814 Prado, Madrid), painted for Ferdinand VII, is passionate in its condemnation of the inhumanity of war. Technically, Goya attained brilliant effects by thin painting over a red earth ground. Much influenced by Rembrandt (Rembrandt, Velzquez, and Nature were, he said, his guides), he turned in later years to a dusky near-monochrome. His skill, however, seemed to increase with age, and the Milkmaid of Bordeaux, one of his last paintings, shows him using colour with great freedom.

I specifically like this painting, May Third, because of its realism and its portrayal of how evil our human race really is. The background is solemn and does not attract attention to itself- besides giving a setting to the place of the event. The background is drab and dark and lets you focus on the main focal point, which is the actual shooting. I like the use of color to highlight the main occurrence and the shapes of the bodies either dead or alive. The color can make is so realistic that you feel like you were there. The texture of the cold skin on the dead contrasts with the supple skin on the bodies of the living.

There is a balance between life, death, and the portrayal of more death to come. The emphasis is not placed on the main event of the shooting and the dead bodies and blood, but more on the emotions of the people who see their fate and lives clearly flashing before their eyes. Your eyes follow the movement in the painting from the faceless soldiers to the face of the man in the shape of the Christ and clothed in white- and about to die. I like the contrast of the white shirt on the rebel to the dark background and drab clothing of the soldiers and the men around them. Even the blood has been dulled to draw focus to the man in the white shirt, awaiting his fate in fear.





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The Brown Pelican

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The chemical DDT almost caused the demise of the brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) in the 160s. Pelicans exposed to DDT laid eggs with thin or non-existent shells. Since DDT was banned in 17, brown pelicans have made a remarkable recovery.



Increased efforts for seabird restoration, research, and monitoring are clearly needed in Californias four national marine sanctuaries, Gulf of the Farallones, Cordell Bank, Monterey Bay, and Channel Islands. Over the past 00 years, seabird populations in California have been negatively impacted by a multitude of anthropogenic threats, especially oil pollution, gill net fishing, contaminants, disturbance at breeding colonies, loss of nesting habitats, and depredation. Populations of several resident seabird species have declined and/or experienced poor reproduction. These include ashy storm-petrel, brown pelican, common murre, marbled and Xantuss murrelets, and least tern. Even with substantial efforts over the past few decades by federal and state agencies to protect seabirds, many populations and breeding colonies have not recovered to historic sizes or distributions, apparently due to a significant extent to massive past impacts and continuing anthropogenic impacts from several sources. Oil pollution, in particular, will occur into the foreseeable future given extensive oil tanker traffic into Los Angeles, San Francisco, and other ports; continued offshore oil production in Southern California; and chronic, illegal discharges by the shipping industry. Restoration projects are needed to reduce the impacts of certain anthropogenic sources on seabird populations. In conjunction with other management actions, restoration projects should allow many seabird populations to better sustain future injuries and to recover over time.




The National Marine Sanctuary Program has become a major partner with the California Department of Fish and Game, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the National Park Service to develop and implement large-scale restoration projects for seabirds in California, using funds from oil spill settlements. The first major seabird restoration project was initiated in 15 and aims to re-establish a former breeding colony of common murres at Devils Slide Rock south of San Francisco. About halfway through its 10-year planned duration, this project has had considerable success towards reaching this aim, with about 75 breeding pairs of common murres in 1. A second project, initiated in 18, involves public acquisition of residual old-growth forest in the Gazos Creek watershed.



Common murres (Uria aalge) nest in the densest colonies of all seabirds. Females lay one egg per season, holding the large pointed egg between their legs. Egg losses are high because of predation and disturbance by eagles and gulls.



The acquired land is used as nesting habitat by threatened marbled murrelets. By effectively managing this property, potential loss of nesting habitat through logging has been prevented, and reduced forest fragmentation and reduced disturbance should lead to reduced nest depredation and increased breeding success in this and neighboring areas. These two projects have helped to restore seabirds in the Gulf of the Farallones, Cordell Bank, and northern Monterey Bay national marine sanctuaries, using funds from the Apex Houston oil spill settlement.





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Mending wall

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One way you can read Mending Wall by Robert Frost is that it is about a man who rebuilds the wall seperating his property from his neighbour’s. This man, this persona created by Gray doesn’t seem to believe there is a use for the wall as “he [the neighbour] is all pine and I [the persona] am apple orchard” but his neighbour believes that “good fences make good neighbours”. The persona tries to change his neighbour’s opinion by trying to “put a notion in his head” but his neighbour seems to just ignore him. So the persona gets annoyed and thinks of him as an “old-stone savage”. This is a very simple situation which we can all relate to. But, if we read deeper into the poem we may find the meanings that Robert Frost wanted us to see. Firstly, as we know that this persona is against the building of walls where not necessary we find that it is this persona that initiates the re-building of the wall “I let my neighbour know beyond the hill”. This gives the reader something to think about � it puts questions in the reader’s mind as to why he would initiate this if he doesn’t think it’s necessary. One reason may be that this persona enjoys the company of his neighbour � but he gets frustrated with him. Maybe this persona is a lonely person and any company is good company � they “meet to walk the line”. Maybe through mending the wall between them they are mending their friendship. These are all viable options and as we read further into the poem we may understand to a greater extent why he does this. When the two start building the wall the reader may notice that words such as “we” and “our” are used giving the feeling of cooperation and companionship. The persona once calls this task an “outdoor game” which connotes feelings of enjoyment, cooperation, competition. The fact that they walk “the line” “one on a side” gives a visual image in the readers mind and may remind them of a tennis game. I must emphasize that what is being told in the poem is from the persona’s point of view � not directly Frost’s � so the reader must beware and realise that it is possible that the persona is wrong in some of his comments. “There where it is we do not need the wall” � this comment being straight to the point makes the reader feel as if the persona is denying the fact that it is the wall that brings the two men together to cooperate with one another and to converse with one another (to a certain extent). The line directly after this comment segregates the two from one another by contrasting the type of people they are with each other. “he is all pine and I am all apple orchard” � the fact that this statement comes directly after the comment on the uselessness of the wall suggests that it is these kind of attitudes that puts a barrier between people thus segregating them from one another. Personification of the persona’s apple trees is used to explain to the reader just how much this persona undermines his neighbour. “my apple trees will never get across, and eat the cones under his pines”. Even though this comment is light-hearted and almost humorous it gives the reader the impression that the persona thinks of himself as a more intelligent person than his neighbour thus feeling that he needs to explain why the wall is unnecessary.


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Interview

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The anticipation of a comedy genius was too much for the biggest fan of the situation comedy, ‘The Common Room’. As Ian Rogers, better known as Gary Daniels made his way through the front door and sat down on the large leather couch, his unmistakable smile imprinted on his face, this fan could not contain his excitement, ‘I don’t believe this its Gary, the Muhammad Ali of the Common Room’. His reply “naturally” was subtle and perhaps already illustrated a similarity in comparison with a controlling character he plays so vibrantly. Indeed he has been disparaged by one critic as being the most manipulative and self- orientated pupil ever. This description although profound is certainly accurate.


Upon opening the conversation, he gestures to shake my hand, and being the ‘big fan’ I do not decline yet, in attempting to he swiftly moves his palm away leaving me looking rather foolish. Feeling rather shamefaced my first question is deliberately insightful questioning his physical capabilities in comparison with other cast members. Unfortunately, Ian seems vaguely bemused by it. “Yeah definitely me, I grew up in Brixton, London and to be honest it wasn’t a royal palace, if you know what I mean, although my house sometimes had a policeman outside so technically I did have a tad of royalty”. I construed this as a joke but as I had already been the focus of amusement, I declined to laugh. “No seriously, you had to fight everyday, not actually punch someone but you know mentally. I think that has helped me”.


Ian’s childhood evoked an image of a departed age of innocence although as a child he was encouraged to express his individuality. Unfortunately, little opportunities arose. Nevertheless his immediate affinity with drama inspired a truly great English comic to be unleashed, an experience he reminisces about with considerable gratification, “I really wasn’t too clever at school, I only got four GCE’s and I think two of those were moderated by examiners who pitied me. However I genuinely enjoyed Drama, it was a way of expressing myself”. Ian vividly remembers his first acting role of significance with great amusement, “I was Macbeth. It was a hard transforming my individuality into a Shakespearian character, although I think my performance went particularly well. However, there was one insignificant drawback. A lad, who was endeavouring to challenge me for the main acting role, regrettably received a smash across his head in a battle scene and he was rushed to hospital. That rather dampened the mood of the play, although I did strike him quite hard, not that I have shown remorse. It is a dog eat dog world out there”. That reply was typically Gary, a manipulative, egotistical control freak, who will do anything to prevail. Nevertheless, his character is refreshingly unique and terribly entertaining, ‘If a problem arises extinguish it, not literally though cos’ that will make the situation bit soggy’. Examples such as this truly demonstrate Gary’s individuality and perhaps differentiate him from other characters.


Ian will forever be remembered as the only ever ‘Part time Christian’. This scene provoked a large discussion concerning the state of religious education in schools across England. However, Ian believes it was a blessing in disguise and ultimately assisted his promising career in comedy, “At first I couldn’t really believe the passage, I mean it was preposterous and when I first tackled it I was greeted by a chorus of laughter, including my own. It was ultimately ludicrous but it was comical. The last line was absolutely dreadful to perform mainly because everyone else was in mass hysteria”.





Ian attended ‘The Brixton School of Drama’ at the age of sixteen; having successfully negotiated auditions the previous month. An event, which he found particularly nerve-wracking as he considered it his only passage to notoriety. “I remember it well, it was the proverbial ‘crap your pants’ day. Although, having overcome my uncertainties I relaxed and in fact performed fluently. I was astonished a couple of long weeks later after I received a letter notifying my selection for a further audition. I was so proud with my accomplishment”. Ian starred in many minor productions and then unexpectedly he received a call from the producer of a situation comedy called ‘The Common Room’. “Obviously they were awestruck at my acting capabilities and so chose me”, he declares conceitedly concerning his selection.


The general perception from his role as Gary in the Common Room is that Ian is quite a preposterous and exaggerative person. Lines such as ‘This is a man’s game, not some nancy boy, friendly etiquette, ooohhh I’ll wipe your bum afterwards croquet match’, truly differentiate him from any other characters and due to this Ian has become quite the proverbial ‘household name’ in Brixton. “Whenever I visit Brixo, as I call it, I’m always in a state of constant panic, in case I get mobbed. I remember once, I was walking down the High Street when three women chased me, screaming, and no they were not particularly elegant”.


The preposterous assumption in comparing an actor and his/her character is becoming evermore prevalent in today’s society. The sweeping generalisation that accompanies Ian is the subject of my next question, with which Ian has always been deeply associated. “I knew you would ask that, I am definitely different in comparison with Gary. Obviously, there is a little of his egotistical viewpoints within me but I am definitely not a patronising person. In fact, his patronising approach is purely because Gary feels it is necessary to assert a manipulative influence over various characters. I, on the contrary, recognise my own inadequacies, and therefore I think we are entirely different”.Gary’s swagger is construed by many, as an indication of confidence but ultimately his personality epitomizes someone who is insecure and this reflected by his commandment of language, ‘I am the Muhammad Ali of this shithole although it’s not hard....’ In a way, it is difficult to comprehend Gary. His constant arrogance and self- orientation, questions how he maintains such a close friendship with the five characters. Ian labels Gary as an ‘oxymoron’. “He is a friendly villain,” he states. Many people, myself included see Gary as harmless but ultimately his arrogance conveys an egotistical edge, which if construed wrongly can result in him being characterized as a conceited bully. Ian goes on to elaborate upon what he believes Gary’s most obnoxious attribute is, “It is definitely his inability to listen, to consider others. He gets involved in unnecessary situations and therefore creates an inescapable hole, so to speak.” Gary’s insistence on being correct has much to do with his reputation and therefore he perceives a loss in an argument as a blow to his reputation. It is therefore paramount that he is always correct.


Ian’s newfound celebrity eminence is not only a testament to his self- belief but also to his genuine talent for acting. A loyal fan base is amassing and his impressive performances in ‘The Common Room’ have seen him receive a wide diversity of filming opportunities, one of which he has accepted. “It is called The Mismatch” he chuckles. “It regards an incessantly ridiculed outcast, the applauded Ian Roger’s, who works out to fight a tormenting pupil, Chris Klein. It is a combination of Gladiator and Terminator with a helping of comedy except far better”. Even though Ian is not acclaimed stateside, he maintains that he enjoys the anonymity, “I am able to leave my hotel or house not having to be completely conscious about others, in case I get lynched, although sometimes I wander why people are so obsessed by my acting, it is not as if I have received an Oscar”.


Ian Roger’s complicated viewpoint concerning his own success is somewhat eccentric and totally contrary to the egotistical character that he plays. Sometimes he embraces his accomplished performances by throwing celebratory parties although on other occasions he duly discounts his achievements. Although, Hollywood is an existing project it seems Ian is completely focused on producing a second series of the illustrious ‘Common Room’. “Yeah I definitely would like to produce a second series. It is an astounding concept and I copiously enjoyed working on such a critically acclaimed comedy”. Ian’s enthusiasm of continuing the situation comedy can only be to the detriment of other comical attempts. The slick productions in conjunction with an exceptional cast can only again, serve as a demonstration displaying the natural ability of actor Ian Rogers a.k.a. Gary Daniels.





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View of the Church on Euthanasia

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The Roman Catholic Church is the single largest organization to fund against euthanasia. It invests more money in its fight against euthanasia than all the combined resources of “right-to-die” societies around the world. The Church teaches the commandment Thou Shalt Not Kill. Therefore, euthanasia is morally unacceptable. This raises the moral question do we have the right to kill?


Pope John Paul II defines euthanasia as an action or omission which by itself and by intention causes death in order that all suffering in this way be eliminated. The Church absolutely prohibits suicide of any kind. Catholic theologians have confirmed that the prohibition, whilst being the Vatican’s current position, is not an inviolable one. Just because euthanasia is popular does not mean it is morally right. The Church’s tactics to support their statement include disinformation and threats of excommunication.


Christian scripture has always stated that nobody has the right to kill. The Book of Genesis states that “God created humankind in his image” (Genesis 17). Human life is sacred and given an strong character which reflects the inviolability of the Creator. Every human life, from the point of conception to death, is sacred because the person has been willed for his own sake in the image and likeness of God. “Anyone who hates his brother is a murderer, and you know that no murderer has eternal life abiding in him,” states the Apostle John (1 Jn 15).


The Church says that the answer for terminally ill patients is in palliative care. The problem is that fifty percent of patients with terminal illnesses do not have access to palliative care. The Church argues that if palliative care were better, patients would not be in pain. If there was no pain, patients would not request euthanasia.





Not all churches and organizations are strictly against euthanasia like the Catholic Church. The Episcopalian Unitarian, Methodist, Presbyterian, Hindu, Skh Dharma and Quaker religions are amongst the most liberal. They oppose the practice, but allow at least individual decision making in the cases of active euthanasia. They leave the decision to individual conscience. Very few faiths prohibit passive euthanasia. The most common religions that tend to oppose it are conservative Evangelicals, Islam and the Mormon Church.


Self-deliverance, also known as suicide, is also accepted by many faiths. The Jaina ethic of self-deliverance is done through fasting. In 17, the Dutch Reformed Church in the Netherlands published a pamphlet in which euthanasia was conditionally accepted as a humane way of dying.


Pope John Paul II states in Evangelium Vitae that


“Abortion and euthanasia are thus crimes which no human law can claim to legitimize. There is no obligation in conscience to obey such laws; instead there is a grave and clear obligation to oppose them by conscientious objection. In the case of an intrinsically unjust law, such as a law permitting abortion or euthanasia, it is therefore never licit to obey it, or to ‘take part in a propaganda campaign in favor of such a law, or vote for it.’” (65).


Christian beliefs concerning suicide were well documents by Thomas Aquinas around 15-174. He condemned suicide because it violates the natural desire to live, it harms other people and because life is a gift from God and it must only be taken by God.


Michel de Montaigne, a European writer who lived from 15-15, wrote five essays that touched on the subject of suicide. He argued that suicide should be considered a matter of personal choice, and that it is a rational option under certain circumstances.


The Unitarian-Universalist Association is a liberal group located in the U.S. They issued a statement in 188 to support euthanasia and assisted suicide by choice only if there are proper precautions to avoid abuse. Similar statements to these by the United Church of Christ and the Methodist Church in the U.S. West coast. Cagginao, Fr. Frank. “Christ, the Defender of Human Life.” June 17. The Catholic Transcript. 8 April 00 http//euthanasia.com/cagg.html.


“Euthanasia and the Catholic Church Why Euthanasia is Wrong.” KU. 5 April 00 http//uong.bpa.nu/~kettheya/Cat.htm.


John Paul II, Pope. “Evangelium Vitae.” 5 Mar 15. Vatican. 5 April 00 http//www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/encyclicals/documents/hf_jp-ii_enc_5015_evangelium-vitae_en.html.


Liptak, Frr David Q. “Faith Perspective Column.” August 17. The Catholic Transcript. 8 April 00 http//euthanasia.com/liptak.html.


Pavone, Fr. Frank A. “Freedom to Die?” Priests for Life. 8 April 00 http//priestsforlife.org/euthrefl.html.


“What the Catholic Church Teaches on Assisted Suicide.” Claretian Publications. 8 April 00 http//euthanasia.com/cathbook.html.


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Brief Response InTennessee Williams¡¦ ¡§A Street Car Named Desire¡¨

We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like Brief Response InTennessee Williams¡¦ ¡§A Street Car Named Desire¡¨ even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like Brief Response InTennessee Williams¡¦ ¡§A Street Car Named Desire¡¨ in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.

William¡¦s play, ¡§A Street Car Named Desire¡¨, revealing the reality versus the illusion; the present versus the past, is expressively representing the desire of body versus it of the soul. Tennessee Williams, further, uses music in a symbolic way ¡V ¡§Blue Piano¡¨, the expression of non-romantic reality of the life of the people on earth, and which is just the life that Stanley and Stella lead. On the other hand, Polka, the waltz music, romantics associated with the past, was the one played in the night when Blanche, the heroine, had danced with her husband whom and then committed suicide. The polka keeps in her mind, becoming a memento or a symbol of her miserable experience with her husband. Every time she thinks of her young husband, the music of the polka will rise up (P.1, P84, P6, P11, P11).


Moreover, Light, in this play, is the symbol of reality, and dark; the illusion. This is one of the reasons why Blanche is fear of the light, for she only accepts the illusion she believes in. Standing under light would make her be seen very clearly by others, and they will find that she is no longer young already. This fact reminds her to think of death. Further, the Mexican street vender selling flowers (P11) was the symbol of death, reminding Blanche of the funerals in Belle Reve.


All in all,desire, the main focus emphasized in this play, is the motif in Stan, Blanche and Stella¡¦s button of hearts. ¡§Desire¡¨ is the winner of the play; everyone is driven by this evil sense. People are born to have desires. And everyone might be the moth, chasing for the unknown desire, driven by the unknown desire, and get jeopardized.








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The Importance of Values and Attitude in the Workplace

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Values and attitude are very important, not only in family and social life but also in your work environment. Friends, teachers, co-workers, and relatives can all influence the values you live by. The values of achievement, honesty, and fairness are four of the many values that are important in the work place.


While you are telecommuting, distractions mixed with the lack of self-discipline could be one of the major causes of failure in achieving the goals that are expected from you. Achievement, or feeling the need to achieve is important is the work environment of telecommuting. One should have a clear idea about what goals they are to focus on at what time. A large effort toward a main goal usually involves a large deal of time, thought and effort. Telecommuters are expected to work just as many hours off site as they would on site, if not more. One can increase his or her level of achievement basically by being tightly focused and putting more time and effort toward their work.


Honesty and fairness when telecommuting can go two ways. One way is, is the employee doing the work that should be, and how is the manager to know if he/she is being honest about their work. Having the advantage of flexibility and the disadvantage of many more distractions can be a hard combination to handle. Some managers are hesitant to use telecommuting because they are concerned of loosing control when the employee is off site. The second way these values can be applied is in asking if the employee is receiving the benefits and recognition they should be receiving. Employees are worried they will be left out of deserved benefits or important decisions. People must believe that the organization will treat them fairly when they are off site, and supervisors in return must believe that the employees will remain honest and productive.











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Organisational and Managerial Performance

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Organisational and Managerial Performance


How, when, where and by whom should organisational, managerial, product and service performance be measured?


Organisational and managerial performance can be measured in a variety of ways. All methods of measuring performance can be guided by a set of common requirements as stated by Pettinger1. For and organisation and its managers, it is essential that “clarity and purpose of direction” is present. The importance here is that without this element, the measurement of an organisation’s performance is meaningless. There is nothing to measure because the meaning of “success” within the organisation has not been defined. A second prerequisite for the effective measurement of successful performance is an adequate level of resources. These may include staff (and related training facilities), information systems and investment. The expertise required to analyse performance results is an obvious requirement. This leads us to the third requirement, an understanding of the market and environment in which the organisation operates. This again is vital because the measurement of performance is usually in done in terms of a specific market or industry. These three fundamentals lead the way for various measure of performance to be carried out with a sense of direction. Performance measurement itself can be divided into a range of areas.


Organisational Performance





Organisational performance is by and large measured quantitavely. This is done using various indicators. In his book “Introduction to Management” Pettinger highlights the following components of performance measurement. In terms of an organisation, I would specify these particular components from the range stated by Pettinger.


Firstly, the profitability of the organisation is an evident indicator of its success. This is a specific, quantitative measure and is simple to calculate and can be evaluated in a straightforward manner. Profit ratios can be presented in reports and this is commonly done due to its simplicity. A profit ratio is defined as follows


Profit ratio = (Net profit / Total Sales)100


This figure can be made readily available to analysts and managers for them to assess the success of the organisation. The use of this indicator is related to when it would be most necessary. For example, seasonal products and services such as holidays and antifreeze will have their profitability assessed in the build-up to periods of high demand and also following such periods.


Market standing and position is also an indicator of the success of an organisation. This can be measured using intelligence information gathered on leading competitors as well as performing market research. The organisations position in the market in relation to its desired position at a particular point in time is clearly a way of evaluating its progression towards it long-term goals. This research should be conducted throughout the industry in order to obtain a clear picture of the organisations market standing. Quantitavely, an organisation’s market position could be measured using concentration ratios similar to those used in economic theory. For example, a five-firm concentration ratio measures the proportion of total sales in a market made up by the total of the five firms with the largest sales. In terms of a single organisation, an equivalent ratio would be


Market share = (Total Revenue / Total Industry Revenue)100


The market share indicator would typically be calculated every six to twelve months using information gathered by finance departments. In the longer term, (for example some firms have a “five-year plan”) market share would indicate the success of the organisation more generally and would be viewed by potential investors to be a key indicator.


Pettinger also mentions “resource utilisation” as an important component of measuring organisational performance. A successful organisation will be efficient in its production of goods and/or services. Wastage would be viewed as a sign of inefficiency. Economic analysis can be used to evaluate to efficiency of a firm. Productive efficiency (i.e. when a firm produces at the lowest average cost) and allocative efficiency (i.e. when a firm produces where price is equated to marginal cost) are two points that firms may wish to aim for. However, this again depends on the firm’s long-term objectives as well as the share of the market which it occupies. As you can see, many of the performance measuring components are related to each other.


Organisational culture is a good way to gauge the level of motivation and morale in a firm. The relationships within a firm are important to its functioning and these interactions (for example, between departments or between regional sites) need to be well oiled to ensure the long-term success of an organisation. Such qualitative measures are commonly conducted using a mixture of in-house research in the form of questionnaires and also external observers such as management consultants. It is important that these types of measure are regularly and consistently executed in order to avoid inefficiencies.


Managerial Performance


Managerial performance measurement is instantly recognised as dissimilar to organisational performance measurement due to its less quantitative nature. It tends to be based more on value judgements and is therefore less straightforward to execute.


Managerial performance can be measured at different levels and across different departments. It includes assessing the strengths and weaknesses of managers and will also aim to gauge the effort put in by the managers to iron out the creases in their performance.


A clear link to managers is the staff that work beneath them. The efficiency, morale and productivity of the staff are, in my opinion, a reflection on the managers that they work under. Staff performance can be measured in terms of productivity (output per worker) and this is one of a few quantitative measures that can be used to measure the performance of managers. The development of the management as a response to changing market conditions and also changing conditions within the organisation is seen as a key indicator of the management’s performance. Managers with such dynamic qualities will tend to perform to a superior standard.


Style of management will also be scrutinised when measuring performance. For example, does the manager take a hands on or detached approach. The amount of time that a manager spends interacting with lower levels in an organisations workforce as a proportion of the total hours worked by the manager can be used to evaluate a manager’s dedication to improving the performance of the organisation as a whole. It is commonly accepted that a manager with detailed knowledge of the working of the organisation at many different levels is in more of a position to introduce effective changes and manage them successfully.


It is necessary to constantly evaluate to performance of managers because they are highly paid and in order to justify their salaries, their performance must be up to standard.


Product and Service Performance


The performance of products and services can be measured in qualitative and quantitative means. Many of the methods will overlap with those used to measure organisational performance. For example, market share and profit ratios are good indicators of the success of a product or service as well as a straightforward measure of the management of their production. And again, market research and sales statistics play a vital role in measuring the success of a product or service.


Performance Appraisal


Performance appraisal is used to measure the performance of different factors of an organisation at the place of work. Pettinger states that for appraisal to be successful and effective, certain elements must be present. For example, a set of aims and objectives is a prerequisite. Targets should be realistic for them to be taken seriously. Also, the process of appraisal must entails regular reviews and these must be done consistently in order for confidence to be built into the system. These reviews should occur every three to six months and the process should be dynamic to cope with changing circumstances between reviews.


Stakeholders


To address the question of “by whom” is performance measured, it is necessary to look to the stakeholders in an organisation. A stakeholder is defined as anyone who has some sort involvement in any part of the organisation or is affected directly as a result of the organisations operations. A few of the potential stakeholders who actively or indirectly may assess the performance of an organisation are summarised below


• The customers � Their interests lie in the organisation’s success at providing a quality service.


• Workforce � Staff working inside the organisation will be eager to get involved in making decisions at different levels and being given the opportunity to do so.


• Investors � This group of people will obviously be interested in the performance of an organisation and its managers because it is what their involvement is based upon.


• Competitors � In order to evaluate their own performance, competitors will need to measure up to an organisation and assess its performance to possibly provide a benchmark to aim for.


• Suppliers � These have a vested interest in the performance of the organisation that they supply because of the derived demand for their own products or services.


Different stakeholders will have interests in different measure of performance. For example, consumers will not be interested to know what percentage of market share the manufacturer of their coffee table occupies. Similarly, suppliers will not have an interest in the quality of service encountered in a particular branch of the organisation that they supply.


As mentioned earlier, it is vital that an organisation has a clear set of aims and objectives otherwise the monitoring of performance becomes a pointless exercise. There are a range of quantitative and qualitative measure that can be utilised when attempting to measure both managerial and organisational performance. As well as these, there are a range of various stakeholders with different interests in various parts of the organisation. In conclusion, it is important for all concerned that effective performance evaluation is executed at the right times and by the correct individuals or groups. Without effective assessment of organisational progress, any aims and objectives that exist within the organisation are themselves made worthless. The Deming cycle of continuous improvement shown below is a useful tool for aiding measurement


PLAN Establish performance objectives and standards.


DO Measure actual performance.


CHECK Compare actual performance with the objectives and standards � determine the gap.


ACT Take the necessary actions to close the gap and make the necessary improvements.


Before this cycle is used however, the questions of why measure, what to measure, where to measure and how to measure must be answered.


Identify specific performance measures that could be used to analyse each of the following products and services from the following points of view (a) the company itself; (b) customers, clients and end users; (c) suppliers; (d) the community at large.


• Easyjet


• People carrier cars


• Madame Tussauds


In order to answer this question, it is important to recognise that each of the above points of view will entail different measure of performance, but possibly with some degree of overlapping. For example, the performance indicators used by the suppliers would be similar to those used by the company itself due to the nature of the demand for the suppliers goods (i.e. the demand is derived). Also, the interests of the community may possibly be a reflection on the interests of the customers, clients and end users.


The company itself would be interested in its own performance in order to monitor its progress towards its fulfilment of the aims and objectives it has set out. Customers, clients and end users would be interested in the continuation of satisfaction and service as well as possible improvements for the future. The suppliers clearly would have a strong interest in the performance of the organisations because the demand for their products and services is derived. The community at large would also have an interest in the performance of the organisation because the operation of the organisation may entail externalities.


The table below will summarise the indicators that I suspect the stated stakeholders would scrutinise





Company Customers, Clients and End Users


Suppliers


Community





Market share


Profitability Price competitiveness Profitability


Revenue performance Externalities eg noise pollution





Market share


After sales service quality Key


Relationships with suppliers. Externalities


Specifically, efforts taken to reduce them





Creativity


Staff Performance


Customer service





N/A


Public relations and image


Apply the measure that you have identified to each of these products and services. Draw conclusions as to the extent to which each of these products and services may be considered successful or not, and from which points of view.





The Company’s Point of View


As stated in my response to question two, the following performance indicators are those which I have selected to assess easyJet.com from the point of view of the company itself market share; and profitability.


Market Share


According to information taken from a press release posted on the easyJet website (easyjet.com) “the airline has grown organically at over 40%, added eight new routes from London Gatwick, increasing the number of services to eleven (as British Airways scaled back its operations) and gained a foothold in Paris Charles de Gaulle and Orly from which it operates on four routes.”


The low cost airline industry has seen the emergence of a new market leader. The acquisition of Go Fly in July 00 meant that easyJet could emulate the effect of many years of “organic growth” in one single step. Therefore in terms of the market share indicator, easyJet has succeeded in becoming the largest airline of its type in Europe. This is positive news and reflects on the performance of the management in executing the acquisition of Go Fly as well as the management of change associated with such a large scale operation.


Profitability


The profit made by easyJet has jumped by 78% to £7 million following the acquisition of Go Fly. Profit before tax, goodwill and exceptionals is up 86% to £81.8m (001 £44.1m). This substantial increase in profits can be put down again to the success of the management because it is related to the acquisition of Go Fly. There is limited support for this argument however. Making such an assumption in this case is justified because of the nature of the source. Overall, I would say that easyJet has performed well in terms of profitability.


The Customers’, Clients’ and End Users’ Point of View


The indicators that I am going to use to assess the company from this point of view are as follows price competitiveness.


Price Competitiveness


To gauge price competitiveness between easyJet and a competitor, I checked the price of a one way evening flight on 1th December 00 from London to Amsterdam.


I used the two airlines’ websites to find this information (www.easyjet.co.uk and www.buzzaway.com). The prices are shown below.





£50.40


£87.50


For an almost homogenous product, the prices are significantly different. This would imply that easyJet is possibly benefiting from economies of scale and passing these benefits on to the consumer in the form of lower fares. The press release mentioned earlier also stated that the average net fare is down 4% to £46.


As an obvious stakeholder, the customer will have a vested interest in the continuation of low fares and a satisfactory level of service. Therefore, I would say that easyJet has succeeded in fulfilling consumer requirements because their interests will predominantly lie in paying the lowest price available for the service in question. A fact that supports this is that passenger number’s are up 4% to 10.m (001 7.1m). The following table also illustrates passenger number performance


November 00 November 001 Year-on-year increase Rolling 1 months ending 0 November 00


Passengers1 1,48,75 60,8 114.5% 1,056,645


Load Factor 80.5% 85.% 84.%


The Suppliers’ Point of View


The main supplier to easyJet is Airbus. In October 00, this company was selected by easyJet to supply 40 new aircraft in a deal which is expected to provide easyJet with “significant financial benefits.” The two indicators that I selected to asses the company from this point of view were, profitability and revenue performance.


Revenue Performance


Profitability has already been analysed and the conclusion was that it easyJet is performing well as a result of the acquisition of Go Fly. Revenue on the other hand has not been analysed. According to the press release, revenues were up by 55% to £55m in 00 (001 £75m). This would be encouraging news for Airbus. This is due to the fact that demand for their aircraft is derived from the demand for flights. The increase in revenues would suggest that in the following year(s), even more aircraft may be required by easyJet and therefore Airbus would be able to execute the required investment in order to cope with future demand.


The Community at Large Point of View


Externalities


The indicator that I have selected to assess the performance of easyJet from the point of view of the community at large is the extent to which it yields externalities such as noise and visual pollution.


Hard evidence to support the existence of such externalities is limited. However, recent controversies involving airports and flight routes over surrounding urbanised areas have brought this issue to light. Local people are far from satisfied with noise pollution as a result of regular flights over their houses in the vicinity of Gatwick airport, where the bulk of easyJet’s flights are from in the UK. In this respect, it would be fair to say that easyJet has underperformed. In spite of this, easyJet are fortunate that the finger has not been pointed bluntly at them due to the fact that many other airlines fly to and from Gatwick every day and this helps to mask them from each other.





The company that I have chosen to assess for my people carrier performance indicators is Toyota UK Plc. The specific vehicle is the Toyota Previa, the car that launched the concept of the people carrier in the mid 180s.


The Company’s Point of View


The indicators that I have selected to assess the performance of the Toyota Previa as a product from the company’s point of view are as follows market share.


Market Share


Toyota was the world’s third largest producer of vehicles in 001 with 5,8,000 vehicle sales. In the UK, the Toyota Previa is the second best selling people carrier with 18% of the market. The market leader is the Ford Galaxy with % of the market. The graph below shows the top three people carriers and their market shares.


From the graph it is clear to see that there is a large three-firm concentration ratio of 58% indicating that the market is dominated by these firms. Toyota can be pleased that their product is in second position in the market but if they want to dominate, then they need to address the relevant marketing strategies and prices.


The Customers’, Clients’ and End Users’ Point of View


After Sales Service


From this point of view I will use quality of after sales service as a measure of performance. I researched after sales service options and my results are as follows


I visited the Toyota website (www.toyota.co.uk) and localised my search to the “Owner’s Services” page. I found that the company offers a number of post purchase services to its customers. For example, there is “Club Toyota” and also “Toyota After Care Services and Products.” In terms of this particular investigation, the “Toyota After Care Services and Products” is the more important feature. This service includes extended warranties (at competitive prices), and Toyota’s own brand of after sales mechanical care in the form of “AutoBase Offers.” This service offers the customer to bring back their vehicles for regular maintenance in parts such as brakes, clutches, tyres and exhausts.


In conclusion, Toyota seems to be performing well in the after sales service department. Having spoken to a Toyota owner, I have deduced that there is a high level of customer satisfaction. And, as he put it, “the one time that my Celica did fail to start, Toyota were professional in their approach to the untimely inconvenience and had me on the road in no time.”


The Suppliers’ Point of View


Key relationships between suppliers and the firm are vital to the long-term success of the organisation. The age of such relationships is a key indicator of their reliability. Toyota’s main suppliers are located in Japan and below I have documented their names and the years of their establishment


Company Component Established


Aichi Steel Corporation Steel suppliers March 140


Hino Motors Trucks and buses January 14


Kanto Auto Works Ltd Steel body parts April 146





Toyota is a well established manufacturer of vehicles and the key to its success has partly been its long term relationships with its suppliers. As you can see from the table above, its main suppliers have been providing raw materials and prefabricated components since the 140s. These long term relationships instil confidence in the suppliers and this is a mutually beneficial scenario.


The Community at Large Point of View


The community at large is going to be concerned with the externalities associated with the production and use of the vehicles. In this section I will limit my investigation to the externalities associated with the use of the vehicles. Road transport imposes significant externalities on the community at large. Therefore, it would be in Toyota’s best interest to take steps to improve the efficiency of the engines that they produce (in terms of their public relations).


Below is data on Toyota’s research and development expenditure over the recent years


18 ¥444,400,000,000


000 ¥45,00,000,000


00 ¥5,500,000,000


This research and development expenditure has had tangible results in the form of technologically advanced engines. For example, the new hybrid engines that are available in the Previa (Japan only) are the world’s first. Their gasoline engines using new fuel injection systems are now 0% better on fuel economy and 0% lower on CO emissions. They have also made significant breakthroughs in the use of electric engines.


Toyota need to make this information available to the general public in order to satisfy the community at large that they are taking the necessary steps to reduce the externalities associated with private motoring.





The Company’s Point of View


Creativity


Being in the leisure industry, it is important to be constantly creative and this is why I have chosen this measure to assess the Tussauds group. This is a qualitative measure and therefore its execution requires value judgements. Evidence of creativity at Madame Tussauds is apparent. The main examples of this are the new features that are introduced with the latest waxworks. For example, the new Kylie Minogue waxwork has been positioned in the “sexiest pose ever” (Madame Tussauds spokesman) and features real breath and perfume odours. Having viewed the figure and other new figures, I would agree that Madame Tussauds has been very innovative in an effort to refresh its image.


Staff Performance


To assess the mood and productivity of the staff at Madame Tussauds, I interviewed an ex-employee, Sanaa Sheikh. I was investigating the working conditions at Madame Tussauds. Her general attitude to the attraction’s management was that they were “out of touch” with the workers at the lowest level in the staff hierarchy. This meant that they were made to do shifts where no work was actually done and time and therefore money was “shamelessly” wasted. She also said that the management were reluctant to take on ideas from the lower level staff and this meant that any suggestions to improve the efficiency of MT were never taken seriously. Therefore I would say that MT has failed to optimise the capabilities of their staff which has in turn resulted in low morale and lower productivity.


The Customers’, Clients’ and End Users’ Point of View with the Community at Large


MT’s mission statement includes the line “[we are] always striving to satisfy our visitors”. Having been to MT for the purposes of this investigation, the informal chats that I conducted with visitors on their way out of the building had a common theme. Most of them were happy with the customer service that they encountered inside. There were, however, complaints about the quality of service in the gift shop. Some of the interviewees also said that the younger members of staff (students etc) were less helpful than the older ones. In my own personal experience, I have found that the staff at MT are helpful and welcoming. This level of service helps to improve MT’s public image and will help to attract more visitors in the future. As a result, there will be increased business in the local area and these positive externalities will spread throughout a wider region.





Mind that the sample papers like Organisational and Managerial Performance presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!